Turkish-proposals-to-the-names-in-Paulys-Realencyclopedia-Letter-O

 

Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft

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Pauly's Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft

Letter O

Findings in May 2025

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I have looked through Türkish window at the names that I have read in the Pauly's Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft

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Uzunbacak Adem

Pauly Word	Info	Türkic Word	Info	Extra Info
Oaxes	river on Crete	Aksu	white water
Oaxus Lacus	the lake from which the river Oxus flows, according to Pliny	Aksu	white water	interesting that the 2 hydronyms in different areas have a similar name. Türks were on both areas, as it seems.
Oba	Iberian-Roman city	oba	valley, cavity	Modern Turkish ova
Obai	Laconic term for certain subdivisions in Sparta	oba	valley, cavity
Ocharius	river in Sarmatia	?Akar	thet that flows
Ochos	Nickname of the Achaemenid king Artaxerxes III	öküz	bull
Ochos	River in Iran	ögüz	river, spring
Ochus	King of Heruli	öküz	bull
Odessos 2x	cities with a port	su	water
Odoacer 2x	A Germanic king and a Saxon chieftain			Could easily be a Türkic name. His son had the name Oklan, a Türkic word meaning „the son“.
Oebalia	Mythological name for Tarentum, from Spartan Oebala	Aybala	a Türkic name meaning moon-child	Aybala is a 100% compatible with Türkic onomastics
Oebarsios	Attila’s uncle	Aybars	moon-leopard	100% compatible with Türkic onomastics
Oetai	a Scythian people	öt-	to pass through …	öt-: to sing, to make noise
Ogulnius	Family of Etruscan origin, Ogulnia Gens	ogul	the children (of somebody)
Many Ogyg- names	andronyms, toponyms, etc.	okuk	s/he who had risen	>Tun Yokuk: he who rose as the first one
Oibalos 3x	2x Spartan name	Aybala	moon-child
Oikos	residence, habitate	üy	house
Oina	Bacchic personification of muse-like women	oyna-	to play, to have fun	I think Bacchus has the Turkish root bak-, meaning to watch (a show).
Oinaros	Dionysus (Bacchus) priest	oyna-	to play, to have fun	>oyna-er (man)
Oinoklos	King of Ainianes (German Ainianen)	oyun	fun	oglu: son
Oinomaos 4x	andronym (for example a Trojan)	oyna-	to play, to have fun	oynama-: not play?
Oinos	Name of Dionysus (Bachhus)	oyun	fun
Oiokles	Poseidon’s son	ogul	child	ay? (moon); oy: hole, pit
Oiolyke	Amazon queen	ogul	child	ay (moon) -oluk? a small boat; oy: hole, pit
Oiolykes	Son of Theras	ogul	child	ay (moon) -oluk? a small boat; oy: hole, pit
Oitosyros	A Scythian deity	aytosur	the moon that gets full	wiki: while usually Greek festivals were celebrated at the full moon, all the feasts of Apollo were celebrated on the seventh day of the month
Oklan	Odoacer’s son	oklan	Oglan	kid, son
Oklasos	a Spartan	+sVz	A suffix with the meaning „without“
Okyale	an Amazon	ok: arrow	yal: blaze
Olyka	city in Macedonia	oluk	a small boat
Ombrios	epiteth of rain-bringing Zeus	yangmur, yaamur	rain
Ombrios	Name einer Nymphe oder Regengöttin auf einer Terrakotte von Cypern	yangmur, yaamur	rain
Omenogara	Inland town of Ariake in India	ara	place in between
Onobora	Place in the Pamphylian-Phrygian border region	on-oba-ara	(a place) between 10 dwelling places/clans
Onogyros	Impossible conjecture in Iucundus ( I am not sure about the date of this conjecture)	onogur	on-ogur	a Türkic confederation of ten tribes (See Hungarian)
Onuba/Onoba	an Iberian place	on: 10	oba: valley, cavity
Ophlones	(Ὄφλωνες Ptolem. III 5, 10), otherwise unknown people in European Sarmatia at the knee of the Tanais.	opla-	to attack surprisingly	attested on Orkhun Stones
Optaris 2x	1x Hun King, 1x Ostrogoth	Optar the Hun is called Oktar, too. The Greeks called him Ούπταρος Ouptaros.		If Oktar was called Optar, was it not possible that the Ostrogoth Optar hat the same name, OKtar and a man of Türk origin?
Ora, a city in the area of Oreitai	Oreitai were a tribe of the sea-coast of Gedrosia, mentioned by several ancient writers; they appear as Oritae in Arrian;[5] Oritai (Ὠρῖται) in Strabo,[6] Dionysius Periegetes,[7]Plutarch,[8] and Stephanus Byzantinus;[2] as Orior Oroi (Ὦροι) in Arrian[9] and Pliny;[10]and Horitae in Curtius.[11][3]	orı	valley, pit, sinkhole
Ordessos	tributary of the Istros	su	water
Ordo	rank, corporation, social status in Rome	ordu/ordo; headquarters, palace, where the King lives; Headquarters; army,		An Ordu is where strict rules govern everything. It is not far-fetched to think that rules and army
Orkynia	place in Cappadocia	Orkun	a river in Central Asia
Ormana	a place name	*orman (Porto-Turkic)	forest	Starostin/Dybo
Ormanos	River in Arabia Felix, at whose mouth lies a rich palm forest.	*orman	forest	Proto-Turkic by Starostin/Dybo
Oroba 2x	town in Assyria	or-oba	valley - dwelling place
Orobatis 2x	towns in Asia (Persia/India)	orı-bat	sink-valley
Oromandros (Ὀρόμανδρος) /Oromandos (Ὀρόμανδος)	according to Ptol. V 7, 4 a city in Armenia minor, within and near the mountains.	*orman (Porto-Turkic)	forest	by Starostin/Dybo
Ortacia	a river in Elymais / Iran	ortakı	the middle one	orta: middle
Orthaga	a city in Mesopotamia	orta	middle
Orthagoria	City on the southern Thracian coast.	orta: middle	koru: the fenced, protected place
Orthaia	daughter of Hyakinthos	orta: middle	the middle daughter?
Orthokorybanthioi	People belonging to the Saka tribes on the Persian NE border	orta: middle	koru-: to protect, bant-: to tie	I have already written about this name/people
Orthopolis	City in the eastern interior of Macedonia	orta: middle	boliq: city	city where the palace of the King is. OR Ordu-Balık“ palace city", "army city"
Ortygia	epithet of Aremis	ortuk	friend
Orygma 2x	toponyms in Athen	oruq	road, way, possibility
Osdara	Station on the Melitene - Arabissos road	ara	place in between
Ossanoba	town in Iberia	oba	valley/dwelling place
Otacilius gens	Roman gentes	otaq	tent; parts of a house
Oulamos	Crowd in Hellenistic. Time military. t.t. for a cavalry unit	oglan	the young man	it is startling that the Uhlan riders of many European armies has the same Turkic etymology wiki: French: uhlan; German: Ulan;Lithuanian: ulonas; Polish: ułan) is a type of light cavalry, primarily armed with a lance.
Oxykanus	an Indian chieftain	ögüz: spring	kan: kagan	he was a Türk, surely
Ozomene	Electra’s other name	öz: the self	ene: mother	Greek Mythology, etymology
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Babylonian-Adapa-AdaApa-Turkic-AtaApa

 

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Adapa (Old Babylonian/Akkadian ad-a-ap-a) is a very interesting character in the Middle Eastern mythology.

Some say he was the first king of the Sumerian; some say he was Eve's Adam, the first man on the earth; some say it is a nickname, meaning wise. Nobody's really sure about his function. 

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The name is interesting for me. If we accept the relation between the Türks and the Sumerians it could match with the very old Türkic title "Ata Apa" with the meaning Ancestor Father that is compatible with all the features above in the previous paragraph.

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TÜRKÇE

Adapa (Eski Babilce/Akadca ad-a-ap-a) Orta Doğu mitolojisinde çok ilginç bir karakterdir.

Bazıları onun Sümerlerin ilk kralı olduğunu söyler; bazıları Havva'nın Adem'i, yeryüzündeki ilk insan olduğunu söyler; bazıları bunun bilge anlamında bir takma ad olduğunu... Hiç kimse onun işlevinden gerçekten emin değildir.

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Ad benin için ilginçtir. Türkler ile Sümerler arasındaki ilişkiyi kabul edersek, önceki paragrafta belirtilen tüm özelliklerle uyumlu olan Soyun Babası anlamına gelen çok olası Eski Türk unvanı "Ata Apa" ile eşleşebilir.

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Uzunbacak Adem 

Not-only-Odysseus-name-is-of-Turkic-origin-but-also-his-dogs-name

 

Pic: wikipedia

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There are many Argos in Greek mythology. The two most important ones for our topic are the dog Argos and toponym Argos.

Let me begin with the toponym Argos(Peloponnese)!

According to wikipedia:

"Both the personal name and placename (Argos/Άργος - UA) are linked to the word argós (αργός), which meant "white" or "shining"; possibly, this had to do with the visual impression given of the Argolic plain during harvest time. According to Strabo, the name could have even originated from the word agrós (αγρός) 'field' by metathesis of the consonants."

The second full sentece is of my interest. Strabon supposed that the name Argos could be a metathesis of the word Agros (meaning field). It is a better proposal for this toponym. White or shining (as the first sentece supposes is very far-fetched > White fields? Shining fields? Since when are we using these adjectives widely for a field?). He explained the name better than the scholars today. And maybe he knew a similar word for that from an adjacent language. We will get back to this issue.

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Wiktionary says about its etymology:

Usually said to be related to ἀργός (argós, “bright, shining”).

"According to Gamkrelidze's hypothesis, ultimately from Proto-Georgian-Zan *egr- (“~ western Georgia”)(cf. Mingrelian მ-არგ-ალი (m-arg-ali, “Mingrelian”), from Proto-Georgian-Zan *m-egr-el-i), a toponym allegedly picked up by the linguistic ancestors of Greeks during their theoretical migration from near the Caucasus, along with Ἀργοναύτης (Argonaútēs) and Ἀργολίς (Argolís).Few other scholars support the proto-Greeks' migration through the Caucasus and Asia Minor, however."

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And now I coming to the dog of Odysseus whose name was Argos. This dog was a a hunting dog. It is sure. 

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Let us see what wikipedia says:

"The name "Argos" (Ancient Greek: Ἄργος) is derived from the Ancient Greek adjective  ἀργός (argós), meaning literally 'shining white, brilliant', with a secondary metaphorical meaning of 'quick, agile'; this semantic change is found elsewhere in the Indo-European languages. In Homeric Greek, this appellation was commonly applied to quick dogs.^[2] The movement of the Ancient Greek accent from the final syllable to the preceding one is typical of proper nouns. Robert S. P. Beekes translates his name literally as 'the nimble one'.^[1]

The name is derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₂rǵ-ró-s – a zero-grade derivative of *h₂erǵ- 'white, glittering' – with the second *r being dropped through dissimilation. The name is cognate with Latin argentum 'silver' and Hittite 𒄯𒆠𒅖(ḫar-ki-iš) 'white, bright', among others.It is etymologically related to the Argo (Ἀργώ), the ship used by Jason and the Argonauts in the story of the Golden Fleece; the ship's name also refers to its swiftness. Argos is also the name of the hundred-eyed watchman in other Greek myths, Argos Panoptes (Ἄργος Πανόπτης; 'Argos the All-Seer'); one mythological tradition purports that Argos Panoptes was himself originally a watchdog."

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Wiktionary says:

Ancient Greek

FWOTD – 27 February 2020

Etymology 1

From an earlier ἀργρός (argrós), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂rǵ-ró-s, from *h₂erǵ- (“white”).^[1]Cognates include Ancient Greek ἄργυρος (árguros, “silver”), Latin arguō (“to make clear”), Sanskritअर्जुन (árjuna, “white, clear”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóm (“silver”), whence Latin argentum, Old Irish argat, Welsh arian, रजत (rajatá), Avestan 𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬙𐬀 (ər^əzata), Old Persian 𐎠𐎼𐎭𐎫 (ardata) and Old Armenian արծաթ (arcatʻ), and possibly Proto-Brythonic *ėrɣ (“snow”).

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It is a little bit confusing, isn't it? Too many texts to read and some are very far-fetched. Is the hound a swift one or a shining one? It is boring to say, it looks shiny when something is quick or a field looks white (shiny). I don't know.

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The fact:

Same name for two "things"; one is a living thing and the other is a field, city. 

Hmmm...now my part!

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As I have heard of this name I immediately thought of the Magyar Agár, a Hungarian gazehound. Its name is Türkic, derived from Chuvash: agar jɨtti (Source: Starostin/Dybo's Turkic database). It means a hunting dog from Proto-Türkic *eker, meaning also hunting dog. Strabo said about the name of the city of Argos that it is a metathesis of Agros, meaning field. I think that's more the case for this dog's name.  

That is shortly: 

Türkic Agar > Agar-os (Greek suffix) > Metathesis Agros > Argos

I have already shown that the name of Odysseus himself could have a Türkic origin:

https://uzunbacakadem.blogspot.com/2024/07/the-name-odysseus-and-its-etymology.html

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And now I am coming back to the fields of Peloponnese called Argos.

There is a very old Türkic word arık 

meaning river/ditch and an other arı- meaning to clean. 

Both could be compatible with the proposals above.

And there was something with "shiny" above, the Türkic verb yaru- means to shine

and yaruq means light.

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That all means: 

The metathesis Agros to Argos (mentions above by Strabo) 

applies to the name of the dog. 

Toponym Argos didn't change! 

Argos from arık meaning ditch, water canal.

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Yes sorry, I have written this blog very fully and 

maybe complicated but the names above 

are very interesting and their origins, too.

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Uzunbacak Adem

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1. Link to Argos:
2.  Athanasios Vercetis; Stavroula Petraki (2010). "Σεπτεμβρίου ΑΡΓΟΛΙΚΗ ΑΡΧΕΙΑΚΗ ΒΙΒΛΙΟΘΗΚΗ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΣΜΟΥ" [Argolic Archival Library of History and Culture, September]. argolikivivliothiki.gr (in Greek). Argolic Archival Library of History and Culture. Archived from the originalon 5 February 2018. Retrieved 5 February 2018.
3. https://argolikivivliothiki.gr/2010/09/27/
4.