Aidos-goddess-of-shame-in-Greek-mythology-and-its-Tuerkic-roots

 

Aidos (Fresco from the Sala di Grande Dipinto, Scene VII in the Villa de Misteri (Pompeii)).(pic by wiki)

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Aidos, meaning shame, respect, modesty is the name of the goddess of shame in Greek mythology. This name comes from 

Αἰδώς, meaning shame and modesty with an uncertain etymology. Even Beekes has no etymology in IE languages. 

I have a proposal: Türkic verb uya-, uyad- means shame, to be ashamed; modesty, and therefore Aidos is a 100% compatible with the Türkic uyad- (verb) and uyad (noun) meaning modesty, private part. 

Again a probably a Pre-Greek word with a Türkic root.

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Türkçesi:

Utanç, saygı, tevazu anlamına gelen Aidos, Yunan mitolojisinde utanç tanrıçasının da adıdır. Bu ad, belirsiz bir etimolojisi olan utanç ve tevazu anlamına gelen Αἰδώς sözcüğünden gelir. Beekes'in bile Hint-Avrupa dillerinden getirdiği bir etimolojisi yoktur.

Benim bir önerim var: Türkçe uya-, uyad- eylemleri utanmak, mahcup olmak; tevazu anlamına gelir ve bu nedenle Aidos, Türkçe uyad- eylemi ve tevazu, mahrem yer anlamına gelen uyad sözcüğüyle %100 uyumludur.

Bu sözcük yine muhtemelen Türkçe kökenli, Yunanca öncesi bir sözcüktür.

Uzunbacak Adem

King-Arthur-and-his-Turkic-environment

 

Pic: wiki

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Under the issue Arthur and his legends I have found in wiki-world these names below and shown their possible Türkic etymologies:

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Accolon < Akkulun (White foal)

Illtud, Eltut < Iltut (Arthur’s cousin), we know a P’u-ku clan leader I-t’u’nun (乙突, İltut[-muş]?)  from Shoroon Bumbagar kurgan (7th C). Iltut is very compatible with Türkic onomastics.

Amr/Amhar  <Amır, the quiet one 

Anowre, Anuwre < an evil enchantress < ana: mother

Arcalaus an enchanter who persecuted the chivalric hero Amadís de Gaula < arka: back

Arthus: Er Tur (by Osman Karatay)

Lady Bertilak:  She continuously tempts Gawain to take her belongings by telling him they will protect him < berti: verdi, meaning given. See Mengüberti: Theodore in Türkish

Saint Carantoc:  (Welsh: Carannog; Irish: Cairnech; Breton: Karanteg; Latin: Carantocus) < Karanngu: Türk.Mongol word for dark(ness), was he a blackish type of man?

Corlois < Korlu (fiery)

Guinivere < Güni: woman, second woman

Igraine, Eigyr < Ay.. (kır?)

Bors the younger/Bors the older < Bars (Leopard) 

Cador < Kadır (Türkic name > Kadır Bilge Tutuk)

Caradoc <Kara Takagu (Tavuk), meaning Black bird, black hen, like Caratacus

Erec < Erik, strong

Esclabor < Kalavur, leader, guide (like in Excalibur (found not by me))

Gaheris de Karehan/Carahan < Kayır Karahan; Kayır/Kağır: steep, Karahan: big king

Galeschin, Galeshin < Kalış-: to rebel

Earl Ulbawes < Ulubay (great commander)

King Anguish of Ireland: < Angış: Türkic male name

Sir Arrok <  a master archer (Er: man, soldier; ok: arrow)

Sir Blamor de Ganis (Blamour, brother of Bleoberis) < Balamır, Balambır

Sir Cardok <  Karatauk? see above

Octa of Kent: Anglo-Saxon king (6th C) < OKTA: SHOOT ARROWS

Sir Sadok < Satuk (already sold (one))

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If it is accepted that Arthur was of Sarmatian origin, there is no reason not to accept that the names of those around him could also be Turkish.(maskulin)

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TÜRKÇE

Arthur ve efsaneleri başlığı altında Wiki dünyasında şu adları buldum ve olası Türkçe kökenlerini gösterdim:

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Accolon < Akkulun (Beyaz tay)

Illtud, Eltut < Iltut (Arthur'un kuzeni), Shoroon Bumbagar kurganından (7. yüzyıl) P'u-ku klan lideri I-t'u'nun (乙突, İltut[-muş]?) adını biliyoruz. Iltut, Türk onomastiğiyle oldukça uyumludur.

Amr/Amhar <Amır: sessiz olan

Anowre, Anuwre < kötü bir büyücü kadın < ana: anne

Arcalaus, şövalye kahraman Amadís de Gaula'ya zulmeden bir büyücü < arkalu

Arthus: Er Tur (Osman Karatay'dan)

Leydi Bertilak: Gawain'e eşyalarını alması için sürekli onu koruyacaklarını söyleyerek onu kandırır < berti: verdi, verilen anlamına gelir. Türkçede Mengüberti: Theodore'a bakınız.

Saint Carantoc: (Galce: Carannog; İrlandaca: Cairnech; Bretonca: Karanteg; Latince: Carantocus) < Karanngu: Türk. Moğolcada karanlık anlamına gelen bir kelime, koyu tenli bir adam mıydı?

Corlois < Korlu (ateşli)

Guinivere < Güni: kadın, ikinci kadın

Igraine, Eigyr < Ay.. (kır?)

Küçük olan Bors/Büyük olan Bors < Bars 

Cador < Kadır (Türk adı > Kadır Bilge Tutuk)

Caradoc < Kara Takagu (Tavuk), Kara kuş, kara tavuk anlamına gelir, Caratacus adlı kahramanın adındaki gibi

Erec < Erik, güçlü

Esclabor < Kalavur, lider, rehber (Excalibur'daki gibi (benim tarafımdan bulunamadı))

Gaheris de Karehan/Carahan < Kayır Karahan; Kayır/Kağır: dik; Karahan: büyük başbuğ

Galeschin, Galeshin < Kalış-: isyan etmek

Earl Ulbawes < Ulubay (büyük kumandan)

İrlanda Kralı Anguish: < Angış: Türk erkek adı

Sir Arrok < usta bir okçu (Er: adam, asker + ok)

Sir Blamor de Ganis (Blamour, Bleoberis'in kardeşi) < Balamır, Balambır

Sir Cardok < Karatauk? yukarıya bakın

Kentli Octa: Anglo-Sakson kralı (6. yüzyıl) < OKTA: OK AT

Sir Sadok < Satuk / Satık

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Eğer ki Arthur'un Sarmat kökenli olduğu kabul görüyorsa, çevresindekilerin adlarının da Türkçe olabileceğini kabul etmememiz için bir neden kalmayacaktır.

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Uzunbacak Adem

Homeric-abakeo-Akkadian-abaku-Tuerkic-abaki

 

I have already written about Homeric word ἀβακέω under:

https://uzunbacakadem.blogspot.com/2024/02/homeric-word-abakeo-abakisan-versus.html

It is a word of doubtful meaning but it could mean like "be unaware, suspect nothing; astonished". As its etymology I have proposed Türkic abakı, meaning scarecrow, a deceiving thing and a Türkic verb abı-, meaning to hide, to cover... (illusion?), look at the related Mongolian word (h)ob meaning trickery, deceit:

Now I have compared these two to Akkadian word abaku(m), meaning to upset; omen, divine verdict, witchcraft:

I think it would be not-far-fetched to write that these 3 have a common meaning and origin.

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TÜRKÇE

Homeros'un ἀβακέω kelimesi hakkında daha önce yazmıştım:

https://uzunbacakadem.blogspot.com/2024/02/homeric-word-abakeo-abakisan-versus.html

Anlamı kesin olmayan bir sözcüktür, ancak "farkında olmamak, hiçbir şeyden şüphelenmemek; şaşkın" gibi anlamlara gelebilir. Kökeni için, Türkçede korkuluk, aldatıcı bir şey anlamına gelen abakı ve saklamak, örtmek (yanılsama?) anlamına gelen bir Türkçe eylem olan abı- kelimesini önerdim. İlgili Moğolca (h)ob kelimesine, hile, aldatmaca anlamına gelen şu kelimeye bakın:

Şimdi bu ikisini, alamet, ilahi hüküm, büyücülük anlamına gelen Akadca abaku(m) kelimesiyle karşılaştırdım:

Bu 3'ünün ortak bir anlam ve kökene sahip olduğunu söylemek pek de abartılı olmaz sanırım.

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Uzunbacak Adem

was-the-name-Perikles-only-a-title-Tuerkic-Boerklue

 

pic: wiki

There are not many men with the name Perikles in Ancient Greece. We know the first of those who was born and lived in the 5th C BC well. His unique feature: He was always depicted with a helmet. Ok he was a soldier but a statesman, too. Plutarch made fun of his head and wrote that he wore a helmet, because his head was deformed. Other comic poets have emphasized this deformation, too. He had the nickname 'Schinocephalus,' or Squill-head." (Plut. Per. 3.2).

I came to this new conclusion because of this feature of his head. I think we could assume, that he had a deformed had as a baby/child, too. His mother let him -probably- wear always a headgear to put his head out of sight, because it was not beautiful. Shortly: he had always something on his head.

And now I have a very good word for this something. Periwig. He had to wear a periwig always as he left home. His nickname was that "he who with periwig". Periwig derived from Türkic börk, meaning "high hat".

I have already shown that this word has a Türkish etymology.

See: 

https://uzunbacakadem.blogspot.com/2023/01/periwig-perruque-perruca-peruk-turkic.html

In many Türkish dialects a word exists in many forms: Bürük, Börk, Börük, Pirük, and Perik. If the Türks would a man with a periwig, they would say Perikli (Börklü). And exactly this word we can recognize in Perikles' name.

Maybe his neighbors were Türks who were still speaking Türkish and called him like that and he took this very name and used it.

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Türkçe:

Antik Yunan'da Perikles adında çok fazla erkek yoktur. MÖ 5. yüzyılda doğup yaşayan ilk Perikles'i iyi tanıyoruz. Eşsiz özelliği: Her zaman miğferli olarak tasvir edilirdi. Tamam, bir askerdi ama aynı zamanda bir devlet adamıydı. Plutarkhos, başıyla dalga geçmiş ve başı deforme olduğu için miğfer taktığını yazmıştır. Diğer mizah şairleri de bu deformasyonu vurgulamıştır. "Schinocephalus" veya "Soğan Kafalı" takma adını taşıyordu." (Plut. Per. 3.2).

Başının bu özelliğinden dolayı bu yeni sonuca vardım. Sanırım bebekken/çocukken de deforme bir başı olduğunu varsayabiliriz. Annesi, güzel durmadığı için başının görünmemesi için -büyük olasılıkla- her zaman bir başlık takmasına izin veriyordu veya kendi takıyordu. Kısacası: Başında her zaman bir şey olurdu.

Ve şimdi bu şey için çok iyi bir kelimem var: Peruk. Evden çıkarken her zaman bir Peruk takmak zorundaydı. Lakabı "Peruk takan"a çıktı. Batı dillerindeki Peruk, Türkçede "yüksek şapka" anlamına gelen börk kelimesinden türemiştir.

Bu kelimenin Türkçe bir etimolojisi olduğunu daha önce göstermiştim:

https://uzunbacakadem.blogspot.com/2023/01/periwig-perruque-perruca-peruk-turkic.html

Birçok Türk lehçesinde bir kelime farklı biçimlerde vardır: Bürük, Börk, Börük, Pirük ve Perik. Türkler peruklu bir adama ad takmak istese, buna Perikli (Börklü) derlerdi. Perikles'in isminde de tam olarak bu kelimeyi görebiliyoruz.

Belki de komşuları Türk'tü ve ona bu şekilde sesleniyorlardı ve o da bu ismi alıp kullanmıştı.

Uzunbacak Adem 

Thracian-Zagreus-Turkic-Chakir

 

The god child Zagreus, depicted with a bull's head, could take on animal forms at will. (Wiki)

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Thracians worshipped a deity called Zagreus. He was the God of Wine.

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Wiki: "Even though Zagreus does not appear by name in Orphic sources, he is connected with the Orphic Dionysus, the god of wine, joy, grapes, fertility, madness and ecstasy, in various other sources."

There are many attempts to explain then etymology of that name, too many.

Wiki: "According to Martin Litchfield West, the "most plausible etymology" derives "Zagreus" from zagre, which is "properly a pit for catching animals, but perhaps also one used for depositing animal remains or offerings to a chthonic deity", making Zagreus literally the "god of pitfalls".^[4] Based on this etymology, Karl Kerényi concludes that zagreus was the Greek word for a "hunter who catches living animals", and that "an exact translation" of "Zagreus" would be "catcher of game".^[5]"

And many more other assumptions that are very different from 

each other.

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^{Whether he could catch the other animals or not, I think his} 

^{superpower was his ability to change his shape.} 

^{And his connection to wine make me remind of} 

^{Old Türkish shamans who were able to change their shape with} 

^the masks or helmets after they got high. 

So what? 

No, it is not the only similarity to Türkic culture.

More important is that name for our issue:

Zagre-us sounds like çaġır, an Old Türkic name for 

(white) wine. We know the change of Thracian Ç into 

Ancient Greek Z.

Çaġır > Zagır > Zagır-eus > Zagreus

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I could make a connection between the Türkic and 

Ancient Thracian cultures again. 

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TÜRKÇE:

Trakyalılar Zagreus adında bir tanrıya tapıyorlardı. O, Şarap Tanrısıydı.

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Wiki: "Zagreus, Orfik kaynaklarda ismen geçmese de, çeşitli kaynaklarda şarap, neşe, üzüm, bereket, delilik ve coşku tanrısı Orfik Dionysos ile ilişkilendirilir."

Bu ismin etimolojisini açıklamaya yönelik birçok girişim var, hem de çok fazla.

Wiki: "Martin Litchfield West'e göre, "en makul etimoloji", "Zagreus" kelimesinin "aslında hayvanları yakalamak için bir çukur, ama aynı zamanda hayvan kalıntıları veya yeraltı tanrılarına adaklar bırakmak için de kullanılan" zagre kelimesinden türemiş olmasıdır; bu da Zagreus'u kelimenin tam anlamıyla "tuzaklar tanrısı" yapar.[4] Bu etimolojiye dayanarak, Karl Kerényi, zagreus'un Yunanca'da "canlı hayvanları yakalayan avcı" anlamına geldiği ve "Zagreus"un "tam çevirisinin" "av yakalayıcı" olacağı sonucuna varır.[5]"

Ve birbirinden çok farklı birçok varsayım daha.

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Diğer hayvanları yakalayıp yakalayamayacağı önemli değil, bence onun süper gücü şekil değiştirebilme yeteneğiydi.

Şarapla olan bağlantısı bana, kafayı bulduktan sonra maske veya miğferleriyle şekil değiştirebilen Eski Türk şamanlarını hatırlatıyor.

E ne olmuş yani?

Hayır hayır, Türk kültürüyle tek benzerlik bu değil.

Konumuz için daha da önemlisi, o ad!

Zagre-us, Eski Türkçede beyaz şarap anlamına gelen çaġır kelimesine benziyor.

Trakya'daki Ç kelimesinin Eski Yunanca'daki Z'ye dönüştüğünü biliyoruz. 

Çaġır > Zagır > Zagır-eus > Zagreus

Bu yüzden, bu olasılık gözden kaybedilmemelidir. 

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Türk ve Antik Trak kültürleri arasında tekrar bir bağlantı kurabildim bu ad sayesinde.

Uzunbacak Adem

Lycian-Kings-Their-Turkic-names

 

Payava tomb front inscription by wikipedia

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Lycian people, the allies of the Troyan against Achaeans. We don't know much about them.

My point today is to examine the names of their kings!

(I take the wikipedia-list for my blog.)

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First king's name was Kheziga (first of the line). 

Old Türkic Kezig means malaria, fever. Maybe he had a sickness and named after that. Old Türkic Kezik means the turn (like in "it's my turn",) watch. Kheziga was maybe the one whose turn has come.

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Kubernis: We know a very similar name among the Bulgar Khans (of Türkic origin). The ons of five sons of Great Kubrat Han was called KUBER. 

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Kuprlli (in Lycian KO𐊓PΛΛE, circa 480-440 BC) - wiki adds: (ΚΟ𐊓, pronounced "coupe")

> Küpe erli?

Küpe means earring and there was a man called Küpe in the Türkic history. +er (soldier) + derivative suffix +li (with)

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There were 2 further Khezigas in the line.

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Arpakkhu: A wonderful Türkic word is hidden in it. Arpag meaning magic, spell.

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Kherei: a special one. Kerey is a wonderful Türkic name, a very famous one indeed. There are many Kereys in Türkic history. Kerey Han was a smaller deity and Kerey was an Uzbek Han and Kerey was the name of a Tribe. According to wiktionary kerey was a kind of razor in Old Oghuz Türkish. See the link: https://tr.wiktionary.org/wiki/kerey

This Lycian Kherei we know already with his headgear Alla Turca:

Kherei with bashlik

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Erbinas : Er: soldier + bin: thousand. Easy.

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Artumpara, also Arttum̃para, Artembares: ertem: virtue + bar: there is. 

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Perikle: Börklü could mean he who with the a Börk (a Türkic headgear). See the modern words like  Perriwig / Peruke, derived from the same Türkic headgear. 

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Not bad! Isn't it?

For the most of the King Names in Lycia I could show a Türkic origin. 

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I have already compared the Lycian alphabet and and Türk Script (Orkhun runes). 

The right question is: when and where was the junction?

Read more here:

https://uzunbacakadem.blogspot.com/2023/03/comparison-turkic-runes-versus-lycian.html

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I want to add something to Kherei. Under the topic bashlik by wikipedia English we could see his coin (see above) with bashlik, a headgear with a Turkish name and popular among the Türkish peoples. Now the wiki-people changed this site and pic with others. Were they afraid of bringing Lycian Kherei and Türks together?

See the history of the topic Bashlik: 

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bashlyk&oldid=1219009299 (15 April 2024)

Under this version we see Kherei with a BASHLYK as the first pic of the site:

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On the 17th of April 2024 we see:

Version link: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bashlyk&oldid=1219415732

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And now the last version of that topic:

Hey, we can not even recognize the shape of that gear. Well done!

ALMOST TÜRK-FREE

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Do the wiki-scholars hide the relation between the Türks/Türkish headgear and the other peoples of history like: Amazons, the Lycian, the Phrygian etc?

Why?

Link today (20 July 2025): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashlyk

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Uzunbacak Adem

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Link that I have used for the Lycian King Names:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycia#History

Tiribazus-Achaemenid-Satrap-of-Turkic-origin

 

Tiribazus with bashlyk Alla Turca 
Link: Tiribazus wikimedia

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Wiki says: 

Tiribazus
Coin minted by Tiribazus at Mallus in Cilicia. The reverse portrays him wearing a Persian satrapal headdress, while the obverse portrays Herakles
Satrap of Lydia
Preceded by	Tissaphernes
Succeeded by	Autophradates
Personal details
Born	c. 440 BC
Died	c. 370 BC (aged 70)
Military service
Allegiance	Achaemenid Empire
Rank	Satrap
Battles/wars	Corinthian War

"Tiribazus, Tiribazos or Teribazus (Old Iranian: Tīrībāzu) (c. 440 BC–370 BC) was an Achaemenid satrap of Armenia and later satrap of Lydia in western Anatolia."

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We see here on these pics a man with a bashlyk whose name was Tiribazos/Tiribazus/Terbazus.

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His name should have been Türkic:

Tiribaş, a name/title 100% compatible name with Türkic onomastics existed and still exists in Türkic world. 

Tiri- means to live, alive 

and baş means head. 

His name could have meant sharp-minded that is suitable for a chieftain and commander. 

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A second option could be Delibaş, meaning crazyhead. 

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He was probably a Türk and a good commander in Achaemenid Kingdom.

Other links about this issue:

https://uzunbacakadem.blogspot.com/2023/03/lycian-headgear-phrygian-cap-and-turkic.html

https://uzunbacakadem.blogspot.com/2024/09/lycian-kurbasia-and-turkic-bashlyk-same.html

https://uzunbacakadem.blogspot.com/2024/05/ancient-anatolian-cultures-turkic-signs.html

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Uzunbacak Adem 

Wiki link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiribazus

Stephani-Byzantii-Ethnica-and-Turkic-etymologies

 

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I have just read "Stephani Byzantii Ethnica" (6th C AD).

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I have looked through the Türkish window and my findings you can see here:

Name in Ethnica	Info	Türkic name	Info	Other Info
Athamania/Athamanes	were an ancientGreek tribe that inhabited south-eastern Epirus and west Thessaly.	Ataman	A very old Türkic title	?At: horse, ATA-MAN: Great Ancestor
111 Aigusa	island off the coast of Libya	Ayguz	A city on the railway Türkestan-Sibiria
Aikalon	Castle in Italy	ay: moon	kala: dwelling place
Aitolia	Ancient Greek Landscape and town	Aytolu	Full Monn	The place names beginning with „Ai“ are very interesting for Türkic studies
Akalessos	A town in Anatolia, Lycia	Ak- to flow	su: water	Akığlı: flowing See Acheloos
Akanthos	town in Thrace	akındı	flowing	ak-: to flow
Akarnania	landscape at Acheloos	akar: that that flows		ak-: to flow, Akığlı: flowing See Acheloos
Akarassos	town in Lycia	akar: that that flows	su: water	Modern Türkish Akarsu: river
Akeles	town in Lydia	ak: white	il: state, organized people	akel: where the nobles live
Akesai	town in Macedonia	ak: white	say: gravel, ford	>like in Yenissei
Alabanda	town in Caria	alaban	crocodile	Etymology of alaban is not clear
Alazone	member of a people near Scythia	alaz: fire, shiny		Stephanus adds: Alazone…meaning ‚boastful‘; alas?
Althaia	a town on Iberia	Altay	a well-known toponym in Asia	etymology
Halizonen	a people in Anatolia	?alız < al- to deceive, to go mad
Alpeia	apparently the last foothills of the Alps in the west	alp	hard, difficult, great	etymology for Alps, too
Alpenoi	Village near Thermopylae.	alp	hard, difficult, great
Alponos	City and mountain in Macedonia,	alp	hard, difficult, great	a good etymology for a mountain
Alybas	Some people understood Metapont in Italy, others a city in Thrace	alp (versions alıp, alıb)	hard, difficult, great
Alyzeia	City in Acarnania, named after Alyzos, the son of Icarius.	?alız < al- to deceive, to go mad	weak?
Alychme	Place in which Hermes with epithet Alychmios is worshipped.	yalkı-	to glitter; flame, ray
Amnisos	river on Crete	su	water
Amyrgion	Field of the Sacae	amırgı	hunter	Hunting fields
Amphikaia	was a Greek town in the north of ancient Phocis	kaya	steep and bare mountain
Anagyrus	a deme/demos in ancient Attica	?ogur	this very interesting name AGUR like in Saragur (a Türkic tribe) is very similar to Anagyr-us	see Saragur (SARI OGUR) / Σαράγουροι versus Ανάγυρος
Anaia	a town in Caria called after a Amazon (Anaia)	ana	mother
Antisara	a town near Kavala	andız: a medicinal shrub, elecampane 2 cypress, juniper 3 shrub, bush	ara: place in between
Apamaeia	City in Syria, named after Apama, the mother of Seleucus. there are other 3 towns with this name.	apa: mother, elder sister
Arkades	town on Crete	arka	back; backing (in military sense)
Arna	town in Lycia	arna	water canal in some Türk dialects
Harpagia, Harpalykeia, Harpasa	Towns in Anatolia	arpa	barley
Aule	Farmstead	ağıl	animal shelter, fenced area
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Kabassos	city in Cappadocia	kaba: swollen	su: water
Kabeiria	City in coastal Asia, whose land was inhabited by the Cabeirians.	kabar-	to swell	the great ones
Kalathe	City, not far from the Pillars of Heracles (Hecataeus)	kala	castle, city	etymology
Kalamai/Kalamata, Kalamenthe, Kalarna, Kale Akte, Kalaros, Kalesia, Kallatebos, Kallatis,	ancient towns with KALA	kala	castle, city
Kalian, Kalliope, Kallipolis, Kalbe, Kalydon, Kalynda, Kalytis,	ancient towns with KALI	kalı	a place to stay,
Kandara	town in Paphlagonia	ara	a place in between
Karallis/Karalleia	Isaurian city	kara	black
Karambyker	a people of Hyperborean	karam: water ditch	bük: thicket	Both parts of the name are 100% Türkic
Karana	town in Galatia	kara	black	>karaŋġu: dark (skin/hair?)
Kardessos	town in Scythia	su	water
Karthaia	one of the four cities on Ceos,!!5 <named> after a certain Carthaios, who died there.	kartay-: to get old	kart: old, ay: moon	karatay: old mountain (still a name in modern Türkiye) OR Kartay: snowy mountain
Karikon	separate district in Memphis	karık	a name
Karkinitis	Scythian town	karkın	overflowing and satisfying	karkın was a famous tribe of Oghuz Türks
Karopolis	town in Caria	Karu: other form of „karşı“. against, opposite, the other	bolıq: city	city of opponents?, of the opposite side?
Karos Kepoi	place in Thrace	Karu: other form of „karşı“. against, opposite, the other	kapıġ = door
Kattuza	town in Thrace	katız: Tree bark, cinnamon
Kenchreai	City in the Troad,?® in which Homer lived for a time while researching all that had happened to the Trojans. <There> is a second city <of this name>, also a port of Corinth.?0* A third <is> in Italy.	kengeres	a tribe attested on Orkhun Stones	Kangar, Kengü, Kengeres: place and tribal names in West Türkistan; Kenger: Sumerians. at the end KENGER is definitely related to Türks
Kaledone	City in the Locris,	kalı	dwelling place
Kephissos	a river in Boeotia	kıw: happiness	su: water
Knossos	town on Crete	?kün: day, sun	su: water
Kolchian/Kolchis	toponym	köl	lake, see	so easy (+çik: diminutive suffix) > gölcük
Korakos Petra	(Raven Rock)  a place on <the island> of Ithaca.	karga	black bird/raven
Korakonesos	raven island	karga: black bird/raven	su: water
Koressos	Suburb of Ephesus.??’ <It is called that> because Leto, when she had given birth and was carrying Artemis in her arms, came to the place where her altar now <stands>, ​​and when Artemis asked who the place belonged to, she replied: “Girl, yours <is the place> (κόρη, σος)”.	kır: girl	su: water	the similarity between Greek κόρη and Türkic kır (both meaning girl) is not to ignore etymology
Korkyris	city in Egypt	korku: fear
Koromane	city on Persian Gulf	kara? (black)	+man: suffix for exaggerating like more black
Koronta	town in Acarnania	korı-/koru-	to protect
Koruion	City of the Aequi in Italy	korı-/koru-	to protect
Many KORY- toponyms		korı-/koru-	to protect	protected areas
Kossaia	part of Persia	koş	double	also there is a small town with this name in Thrace
Kossyros	Island and town of the same name, opposite the Sicilian river Selinus; also a Libyan island called Kossyra.	Kosur	an old Türkic tribe	there are toponyms like Ulu-Kosur, Kiçi-Kosur in Türk-lands
Kotyrta	laconic place	kotı: solid, very	orta: middle
Kotyora	Village on the Black Sea	kotı: solid, very	ara: place in between
Kuropolis	town in Caria	kurı: west	bolıq: city
Kragos	mountain in Caria	kır: mountain
Krobyzoi	People south of the Istros (Danube).	kır: mountain	obuz: rough,ineven ground	kuruobuz could be also possible. kuru means „dry“. a very Türkic toponym
Kryassos	City in Caria,<named> after Cryassos, the son of Car.	kur: girdle, belt	+sVz: suffix meaning without
Kybassos	town in Caria	su	water	kuba: pale yellow, pale grey (see > kuba çakırca: a personal name),OR yakut kuba: swan
Kydathenaion	Demos of the Phyle Pandionis	Mongolian kuda/Türkic güde: relaitive-in-law/son-in.law	+t: plural suffix; Kuda and Kudat: personal names	it could be the people who were relatives to a more important Türkic people and was defined as relatives
Kydantidai	Demos of the phyle Aegeus, but according to Phrynichos	Mongolian kuda/Türkic güde: relaitive-in-law/son-in.law
Kydrara	City. Herodotus mentions it in the seventh book (7,30,2).	ara	place in between	kadır: cruel, ruthless; kurıt ~ kutır: make dry
Kyzikos	city and a personal name	kızık	nervous,	a marvelous Türkic adjective/name for a man/chieftain
Kythera/Kytheros	Cythera, island with the same-named city, near Crete, named after Cytheros, the son of Phoenix/Demos of the phyle Pandionis.	kuter	a male name that means man with divine mercy	or Kutyer: a place, and, earth with divine mercy
Kyknitis	over which Cyknos reigned as king. Sophocles mentions the landscape in Peleus. And in The Shepherds he mentions the "swan song."	kugu	swan
Kyllandos	town in Caria	kula: light yellow, brown	qolan: saddlegirth	Mongolian kulan: ass/donkey, Turkic kulun: foal
Kynaitha	City in Arcadia,<named> after Kynaithus, one of the sons of Lycaon.	Kün-ay: sun-moon	künaytı: told about day or day-told (about him)	there are many Kün names in Türkish history with kün and a second part with a verb like in KÜNAYTI for example Gündoğdu: The day has come, sunrise, Gündoğmuş: The day has dawned; Küneri: sun/day soldier, Künhan: sonf of Oghuz Bey, Kün Bermiš: day-given, Künseli: clear day, OR an other name Ay TOLDI (moon has become full)
Kynna	Small town near the city of Heraclea, named after one of the Amazons or after Cynnus, brother of Coeus. The ethnic group is Cynnaeans.	küng: female slave	kün: people (el kün)	Küne: a river name
Kynura	city ​​in the region of Argos <named> after Kynuros	konur	brown, dark red
Kypros	Cyprus	bakır	copper	many linguists notice the metathesis of bkr/kpr
Kyrbasa	town in Caria	kır: grey	baš: head
Kyrtaia	town at Red Sea	kır: grey	taw: mountain
Korykos 4x	town in Cilicia, Port in Ethiopia, a mountain in Ionia, an island	korı-/koru-	to protect
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Labara	city in Caria	ara	place in between
Lipaxos	town in Thrace	su	water
Lissos/Akrolissos	town in Illiria	ılı-: to get lukewarm, warm	su: water	ak-: to flow
Lyrnessos	Trojan city	su	water
Lytai	Location in Thessaly, <so named> because Poseidon opened (λῦσαι) the valley of the temple and scattered the waters of the incoming flood.!	ulu: great	taw: mountain
Magarsos	extremely large hill in Cilicia, near Mallos.	bagır-sız	without copper	Non-Greek suffix +sos/+sus had to have 2 meanings. Firstly the meaning +water like we see in many river names like Kephisos, Akarissos, etc. Secondly it had to mean „without“ like in this name. That means Pre-Greek +sos = Türkic +su and +sız. We can explain many names that are Pre-Greek (Non-Greek) with this knowledge
Maia/Maiat	City on the Hellespont. The ethnic name is Maiat, with the addition of the suffix -τῆς.	bay: rich	Bayat: an old Turkic tribe whose name means rich, wealthy
Maiandrupolis/Maiandros	City in <the region> Magnesia,as Phlegon states in the Obympiads  The ethnic icon <is> Maiandtropolit. But if the city is called Maiandros, <is> the ethnic icon Maiandrier.	Bayundur, Bayundır	A very old Türkic tribe whose name derived from the personal name meaning to get rich, wealthy.
Mainobora	City of the Mastieners (south Iberia)	bora	normt wind	like in Boreas, Borras whose name is a 100% Türkic
Maioten	Scythian people of enormous size and with a multitude of people. And the feminine noun <is Maetos;, as <in the designation> "the Maiotic Sea" (i.e., the Sea of ​​Azov), which is said to have derived its name from being the nurse of the Black Sea. There is also a fish <there> called Maiotes.	bay: rich	Bayagut: a personal name derived from bay meaning rich, wealthy	bayut-: For example, in Uyghur Turkish the verb "bayut-" is used in the meaning of "to enrich“. Rich in numbers, numerous?
Massageten	The Scythian people, where Cyrus (the Great) died.	barsık: like a leopard	basık/başık: the little chieftain, commander	basık/başık OR barsık could all be then etymology of these Scythian tribe. My starting point is that the Turkic name of the Hunnic commander Βασίχ. It is also possible that the name derived from the Turkic verb bas- to raid hiddenly,      > BASIK: night raid
Matuketei	a Scythian people	Batuk	an Old Türkic name	Old Tprkic bat/pat: swift, quick
Megara	City on the Isthmus, in the middle between Peloponnese, Attica and Boeotia, whose port is Nisaia.	ara	place in between
Mukissos	Town in Cappadocia Secunda	büke: snake; bük: thicket	su: water
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Odrysen/Odrysian	was an ancient Thracian state that thrived between the early 5th century BC and the early 3rd / late 1st century BC. Located in present-day Bulgaria, southeastern Romania (Northern Dobruja), northern Greece and European Turkey, it was a tribal amalgam dominated by the Odrysians that was the first large political entity to develop in the eastern Balkans.	otrug	island	otrı: middle
Ogylos	island between the Peloponnese and Crete.	ogul	baby, child
Ogyris	An island in the Red Sea. The national name is Ugric due to the custom of the place; for it is also Homeric and Savoy and many other nearby places.	ogur	an old Türkic tribe
Odones	The nation of Thrace, like the Maidens, is like a sea. Dionysius in the Bassariques sees "Maidens, wild tribes, and Odonis, with sore veils."	otuŋ	firewood
Odysseis	City on the Iberian Peninsula.	oduz	to lead
Oikos	house	üy	house
Ordaia	town in Macedonia	Proto Türkic *or-: 1 place 2 palace 3 lair, den 4 middle 5 place of staying (of the army, ruler etc.) 6 army	or-taw?= a high hill?
Ortygia	Ephesus, ... once also ... called Ortygia. Libya, a land with many names ... also> Ortygia.	Ortug: friend and partner (Modern Türkish ortak)	otrug: an island	Ortygia Ancient Greek: Ὀρτυγία, romanized: Ortygía) is a small island which is the historical centre of the city of Syracuse, Sicily.
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Paktolos	River. Thymbrara, city in Asia in the immediate vicinity of the Pactolus.	pak: shackle, tie	tolu: full of	baka: frog
Palairos	a people (and a city)	bal: mud, swamp	?ara (not probable)
Palike	town on Sicily	balık	city
Pallene	City in Thrace, <named> after Pallene, the daughter of Sithon and wife of Cleitos,	bal: mud, swamp	ene: mother	OR BALLENE <In the Macedonian Greek dialect, the name was also spelled with an initial beta instead of pi, Ballene (Βαλλήνη).[2]
Panakra	mountain range on Crete	?kır: mountain
Pantikapaion	extremely large city, capital of the inhabitants on the (Cimmerian) Bospotos.*’ It was settled by a son of Aeetes, who had acquired the location from the Scythian king Agaetes and named the city after the river Panticapes flowing past. (today Kerch)	ban-/bant-: to tie	kapag/kapıg: door, gate	wenn we look at the geogr. place of that city, we could comprehend, why a city could be named like that
Parikane	Persian town	barkan: dune that moves	acc. to Herodotus one of their chieftains were called Oiobazos (a real Türkish name AYBARS)	barkan is an international geographical term of Türkish origin
Paropanisos	Hindukush - Central Afghanistan	bar-: to reach, to come	+ıpan: a very old Türkish suffix (modern Türkish +erek)	>barıpan: by coming
Patara	town in Lycia	ara	place in between	bat-/pat-: to sink?
Patrasys/Patrasus	was an ancient Greek Black Sea colony, east of the Strait of Kerch at the Taman Bay, about a kilometer west of the Russian village of Garkusha.	su	water	bat-: to dive, to enter, to go down > batur-: to submerge, to hide, to conceal, to bind. Batursu/Batırsu is compatible with Türkish onomastics
Patykos	City of the Oinotrians in the interior.The ethnic group <is called> Patykit.	batıg/batuk: act of sinking <bat-: to sink	batuk: a male name
Pausarkai	People who live at the foot of the Caucasus.	arka: back, backing
Pedenelissos	town in Pisidia	su	water	+sso as a Suffix in Greek is of Non-Greek origin
Peigelissos	town in Caria	su	water	+sso as a Suffix in Greek is of Non-Greek origin
Peltai	town in Phyrigia	bel: mountain pass, hill	taw: mountain
Pinara	big town in Lycia	bıŋar	well, water spring (German Quelle)
Polyara	town in Caria	ara	place in between	?bol-: to exist
Praisos	tin on Crete	su	water
Prinassos	town in Caria	su	water	etymology
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Saboi	people in Phrygia	sab	word, speech
Sagalassos	town in Pisidia	su	water
Salars	island off the coast of Libya	Salar	an old Türkic tribe	The ethnikon <is> Salartier,
Salganeus	a toponym and andronym from Boeotia	Salgan	a Türkish male name
Salgas	River and town of Salga in Mauritania.	sal	raft	In Yenisey on Arjan I inscription salga means a bit (for horses)
Salmakis	town in Caria	sal-: to free		In Old Turkish, the verb „sal-", when used as "to tax", means "to impose a tax", "to determine a tax" or "to accrue a tax".
Salmydessos	Bay of the Black Sea	sal: raft	su: water	sal-: to send
Samothrake	An island off the coast of Thrace, with a city of the same name.® It is named after the Samians and the Thracians. It was formerly called Dardania. The ethnic group is Samothracians (Samosossa) and Samothracians.	otruk	island	I have already written about this word as the word in the name of Thracians. An island where SAM and OTRUK (both tribes) lived together?
Sargantha	City on the Iberian Peninsula	sargan	A grass that grows in barren places
Sargantis	City and guard post in Egypt	sargan	A grass that grows in barren places
Sardessos	town in Lycia	su: water	sar-: to surround
Saricha	town in Cappadocia	sarı	yellow, white
Sarpedon	city in Thrace	sarp: difficult		SARP ATUN: an old Türkic person. I have already written about that name
Siagathurgoi	People about whom Marcianos speaks in the Periplus of Sarmatia	suyga: direction of water	tur-: to get together, to stay, to stop, to stand
Sibyrtos	town on Crete	Sibir/Sibur	a Türkic people	> Sibiria: su 'water' and bir 'wild land’ acc. to Anatole Baikaloff
Sigynnos	City of the Egyptians (?), as Ctesias states in the first book of the Periploi.	sıgun	Wild cattle Mountain goat
Sindessos	town in Caria	sındı: wide scissors to cut the hair of the animals	su: water	sındı/sındu has no clear Türkic etymology!
Sindia	town in Lycia	sındı: wide scissors to cut the hair of the animals		sındı/sındu has no clear Türkic etymology!
Syassos	village in Phrygia	su	water
Sybaris	river and town in Italy	su: water	bars: leopard	I have already written about its etymology, ralated it to my most popular Türkic name BARS
Syberos	town in Illiria	su: water	Bern: this side; south
Synnada/Sunnaia	town in Phrygia	suna	an old Türkish toponym.	Here the important word is the neighboring village called Dokimaia. This village was famous with its marble and marble work. Old Türkic verb tokı- means to beat, to strike, to write on a stone
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Tamasos	city ​​on Cyprus,!7 located inland; it possesses excellent copper ore. The ethnic group is Tamasit, as well as Tamasians, like Ephesians and Thasians. Hence, some write: "after Tamase for copper ore“. This, however, is not convincing.	tamar: vein (maybe as lode)	su: water	interesting fact: Modern Greek νταμάρι meaning quarry is of Ottoman Türkish origin, from damar (vein, artery)
Tamyrake	City in the European part of Sarmatia.	tamır: artery, root	ak: white	interesting fact: Modern Greek νταμάρι meaning quarry is of Ottoman Türkish origin, from damar (vein, artery)
Tarsos/Tersos	city in Cilicia		su: water
Tartaros	Crates (fr. 7 Broggiato) <designates> the air below the <two> poles, which is both dense and unusually cold and completely devoid of light	tart-: to hang, to pull	tartar: a kind of bird (corncrake, dove, etc)	Tartarus: the deep abyss that is used as a dungeon of torment and suffering for the wicked and as the prison for the Titans. Tartarus is the place where, according to Plato's Gorgias (c. 400 BC), souls are judged after death and where the wicked received divine punishment.
Tartessos	City on the Iberian Peninsula,”! <named> after the river that flows down from the Silver Mountain; this river also carries tin down to Tartessos.	tart-:	to hang, to pull
Taua	town in Egypt	tau/taw	mountain
Tauaka	town in Sicily	tau/taw	mountain
Taygeton	Mountains in Laconia	tau/taw	mountain
Taulantioi, Tauraisa, Taurike, Tauoreis, Tauromenion, Tauropolion, Tauropolis,	andronyms and toponyms	tau/taw	mountain
Taurisker	A people <dwelling> near the Alps.They are also called Taurines, as Polybius says in the third book (9,60,8). Eratosthenes (fr. Pi B, 117, p. 360 Berger) calls them Teriski, who are also called Taurer.	tau/taw	mountain
Tauros	Mountain range that runs through the middle of Asia.	tau/taw	mountain	All these TAU names could be related to Türkish word TAU/TAW/TAI meaning simply mountain
Tegessos	town on Cyprus	su	water
Tektosages	a people	tek: only (one)	taşak: testickle	their horses with one testicle?
Telmissos	town in Caria	su: water
Temeneia	town in Phrygia	temen	big pole, stake
Temenos	Terrain in Sicily <with location> below Epipolai near Syracuse.	temen	big pole, stake	There is also a Temenite hill in Thrace near the land of the Triballi.
Terina	City and river of the same name in Italy;	tering	accumulated, deep (water)
Termessos	town in Pisidia	su: water
Teukroi	with final stress; <that is the name> of the Trojans, after Teucrus, the son of Scamander and the nymph Idaea. Teucris in the feminine is also a name for the city of Troia, also Teucrion.	toygar	a kind of bird of prey	I have already written about this probable Türkish name
Teumessos	Mountain in Boeotia. Homer <says> in the Aymnos on Apollo (224): “Going to Mycalessos and the grassy Teumessos.”	su: water	teu= ?tau (mountain)
Tibyris	town in Italy	temir	iron, quarry	see Sumerian tibira (dibira tabira tebiru tibira) (copper)smith, metalworker
Tingis	City in <the landscape> Maurusia (North Africa)	tengis	sea, lake
Timyra	City near <the region> Isauria. There is also an Indian river <of this name>	temir	iron, quarry; artery
Tnyssos	town in Caria	su: water
Tomaros	Mountain in the region of Dodona; some call this Tomuros and its inhabitants Tomurer. Others, however, call it 'Tmaros,	tomar, tomur	1 block, log 2 to hack, hew 3 to break off, chip off	Tobur/tomur: (pine) cone
Troia	toponym	otra/orta	the middle (where the chieftain stays)
Trokmoi	Galatian tribe. They were also called Trocmenoi	Türkmen	the real Türk	the same word/name, I would say
Trychai	A city on Euboea. Lycophron (374), however, calls it Trychas after a change in declension.	otruk	island	OR Türük?
Tylis	town in Thrace	Tuli	an old Türk tribe	sıçan tüli: a color of a horse. sıçan means rat tulip is probably the color of the rat. Tüli means literally „with hair“. OR Tüli is a male name, too. (probably a hairy one)
Tymena	village in Lycia	tümen/tumen	10.000, many
Tyras	old name of Dniester and the city there	Tura	a place to stay, to live, from tur-: to stay, to live	Tura is also a male name (Tura OR Tura Tutuk)
Tyrmenioi	Scythian people with the greatest experience in science.?’? Their name is interpreted as ‘refugees’.	torum	Young camel, young	OR Töremen Apa Kagan: an old Türkic name of a commander (6th C AD), OR Toraman?
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Hyrtakos	town on Crete	Ortak/Urtak	partner, friend
				https://topostext.org/work/241
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Badiza: Βάδιζα,	city of Britain, Polybius thirty-first. The national name is Badizaeus.	badız	picture, ornament
Baia	mountain of Cephalonia, from Boeotian governor Odysseus	baya	to get rich, to enrich
Baiake	city of Chaonia, Hecataeus	bay: rich	ak: white, holy, noble
Baibai	A citizen of Caria.	bay bay	very rich? rich chieftain?
Baikyla	Iberian city towards the Pillars of Heracles	bay: rich
Bakyroi and Bakyrianoi	a nation related to the Parthians and Medes.	bakır	copper	see Cyprus (metathesis of BAKIR?)
Balboura	a town in Lycia	bal: honey	bur-: to smell
Bargylia	town in Caria	bar-: to reach, to come	bargıl: imperative of bar-
Baris	a city	bars	leopard
Barkanoi	a nation neighboring the Hyrcanians.	barkan	moving sand
Basanisai	a people in Thrace, comes directly from the name of the Tormentor.	bas-: to press, to step (on), to raid
Basilis	city of Arcadia, Pausanias' eighth.	başlı/baslı	the wo have a chieftain
Bolbai	town in Caria	bay: rich	bol-: to get, to be
Bolissos	Aeolian city on the tip of Chios near	su: water
Boudinoi	a Scythian nation, despite the fact that they ride on chariots drawn by oxen; for the Scythians are charioteers	budun/bodun	tribe, clan
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Garamantes	a Libyan nation	kara/gara	black	I have already written about this nation
Gargara	city of Troas on the edge of Ida	ara	place in between
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Daidala	a city of Rhodia or a village, Strabo sees. It is also a mountain of Lycia, Daedala. And the city of Daedalus of Icarus is in Lycia. For by some one it passed [through] the Ninus river, and under Chersydro it was said to be finished and there to be buried and to build a city of Alexander's lineage in Lycia. It is also of India. And another of Crete.	tai/tau	mountain
Daskylion	a city of Caria on the borders of Ephesus, by Dascylos, son of Periaudus. It is another city built after the Trojans. The third of Ionia, the so-called great, as the greatest of the others. The fourth about Bithynia. The fifth of Aeolis and Phrygia. The national Dascylite, as Cyprus is a Cypriot.	taşgaru	outside, (border areas)	there are many Daskylion.
Daskon	Sicilian village. Philistine of the sixth Sicilian tribe "in the Flood and Dascona". The ethnic Dasconios or Dasconites.	taş-: (water, liquid) to exceed the limit, to spill
Daulia	city of Phocis	tau/taw	mountain
Daunion	city of Italy. Lycophron "over Lakius Daunius the blessed". the national Daunios, and Daunia the feminine, and Daunike by contraction from Dauniatai, and Dauniatikus. is also Daunion the wall city of Thrace. the citizen Dauniotheichites.	tau/taw	mountain
Dausara	city near Edessa	ara	place in between
Dhekelia	Dhekelia, a town of the Hippothoantidae tribe, from Dhekelia, the leader of the Dioscuri in Aphidna, as Herodotus says	tekeli/teke-ili	teke: male goat, il: state
Dymanes	tribe of Dorians	duman	fog, darkness	dum: cold, flu
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Elixoia	Hyperborean island, not less than Sicily, beyond the river Carambicus.	Elik-su	deer-water	Carambukis should also be Türkish, Karam water canal +  bük: thicket
Erikeia	A city of Athens of the Aegean tribe. The citizen is Ericeius. The local people from Ericeia are Ericeans, Ericeians.	erig: where the people can stay for a white and rest,	erig: deserted place
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ialysos	a city in Rhodes and in Scythia and in the Adriatic.	yal-: to shine	su: water
iazyges	A European nation	yazı	steppe	i have already written about the etymology of iazyges, iapodes and iapygia in y blog. www.uzunbacakadem.blogspot.com
iamai	a Scythian people	yama-	to add
ikaria	a city of the Aegid tribe, from Icarius, the father of Erigone. The citizen of Icarius. The local people from Icaria, Icarians.	yokaru	above, upwards	Ikarus rose always upwards. I have already written a poem about that. See Ikaros
ilissos	a river of Attica,	ılı-: to get lukewarm, warm	su: water
imbrasos	Samos, from the river.	su: water	imbra ?< yamgır (rain)
inachia	Inachia, the Peloponnese, not only Argos	inak	an old Türkic title	I have already examined this word in detail
issos	a city between Syria and Cilicia, where Alexander defeated Darius, which was therefore called Nicopolis by him. and the Issikos Gulf. the citizen Issios, as Nile Nileios. and there also a river called Pinaros.	isi-: to heat up	su: water
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Chabarenoi	nation. Eudoxus, in the first period of the earth, "for those who live near Chalybes are also called Khabarians, who eat the breasts of foreign women, who perhaps are born to them, and raise their children in a state of peace."	kabar-	to swell
Chadisia	city of Lefkosyrons.	kadız	tree bark	Ezginti Kadız: a toponym in Asia

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There are more than 200 toponyms/ethnonyms that could be explained with a Türkic verb/word.

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Uzunbacak Adem

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Links: 

https://topostext.org/work/241

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STEPHANI BYZANTII ETHNICA

https://archive.org/search?query=Margarethe+Billerbeck+byzantius