Sunday, July 13, 2025

Stephani-Byzantii-Ethnica-and-Turkic-etymologies

 


*

I have just read "Stephani Byzantii Ethnica" (6th C AD).

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I have looked through the Türkish window and my findings you can see here:


Name in Ethnica

Info

Türkic name

Info

Other Info

Athamania/Athamanes

were an ancientGreek tribe that inhabited south-eastern Epirus and west Thessaly.

Ataman

A very old Türkic title

?At: horse, ATA-MAN: Great Ancestor

111 Aigusa

island off the coast of Libya

Ayguz

A city on the railway Türkestan-Sibiria


Aikalon

Castle in Italy

ay: moon

kala: dwelling place


Aitolia

Ancient Greek Landscape and town

Aytolu

Full Monn

The place names beginning with „Ai“ are very interesting for Türkic studies

Akalessos

A town in Anatolia, Lycia

Ak- to flow

su: water

Akığlı: flowing See Acheloos

Akanthos

town in Thrace

akındı

flowing 

ak-: to flow

Akarnania

landscape at Acheloos

akar: that that flows


ak-: to flow, Akığlı: flowing See Acheloos

Akarassos

town in Lycia

akar: that that flows

su: water

Modern Türkish Akarsu: river

Akeles

town in Lydia

ak: white 

il: state, organized people

akel: where the nobles live

Akesai

town in Macedonia

ak: white 

say: gravel, ford

>like in Yenissei

Alabanda

town in Caria

alaban

crocodile

Etymology of alaban is not clear

Alazone

member of a people near Scythia

alaz: fire, shiny


Stephanus adds: Alazone…meaning ‚boastful‘; alas?

Althaia

a town on Iberia

Altay

a well-known toponym in Asia

etymology 

Halizonen

a people in Anatolia

?alız < al- to deceive, to go mad 



Alpeia

apparently the last foothills of the Alps in the west

alp

hard, difficult, great

etymology for Alps, too

Alpenoi

Village near Thermopylae.

alp

hard, difficult, great


Alponos

City and mountain in Macedonia,

alp

hard, difficult, great

a good etymology for a mountain

Alybas

Some people understood Metapont in Italy, others a city in Thrace

alp (versions alıp, alıb)

hard, difficult, great


Alyzeia

City in Acarnania, named after Alyzos, the son of Icarius.

?alız < al- to deceive, to go mad 

weak?


Alychme

Place in which Hermes with epithet Alychmios is worshipped.

yalkı-

to glitter; flame, ray 


Amnisos

river on Crete

su

water


Amyrgion

Field of the Sacae

amırgı

hunter

Hunting fields

Amphikaia

was a Greek town in the north of ancient Phocis

kaya

steep and bare mountain


Anagyrus

a deme/demos in ancient Attica

?ogur

this very interesting name AGUR like in Saragur (a Türkic tribe) is very similar to Anagyr-us

see Saragur (SARI OGUR) / Σαράγουροι versus Ανάγυρος

Anaia

a town in Caria called after a Amazon (Anaia)

ana

mother


Antisara 

a town near Kavala

andız: a medicinal shrub, elecampane 2 cypress, juniper 3 shrub, bush 


ara: place in between


Apamaeia

City in Syria, named after Apama, the mother of Seleucus. there are other 3 towns with this name.

apa: mother, elder sister



Arkades

town on Crete

arka

back; backing (in military sense)


Arna

town in Lycia

arna

water canal in some Türk dialects


Harpagia, Harpalykeia, Harpasa

Towns in Anatolia

arpa

barley


Aule

Farmstead

ağıl

animal shelter, fenced area


*





Kabassos

city in Cappadocia

kaba: swollen

su: water


Kabeiria

City in coastal Asia, whose land was inhabited by the Cabeirians.

kabar-

to swell

the great ones

Kalathe

City, not far from the Pillars of Heracles (Hecataeus)

kala

castle, city

etymology 

Kalamai/Kalamata, Kalamenthe, Kalarna, Kale Akte, Kalaros, Kalesia, Kallatebos, Kallatis, 

ancient towns with KALA

kala

castle, city


Kalian, Kalliope, Kallipolis, Kalbe, Kalydon, Kalynda, Kalytis, 

ancient towns with KALI

kalı

a place to stay,


Kandara

town in Paphlagonia

ara

a place in between


Karallis/Karalleia

Isaurian city

kara

black


Karambyker

a people of Hyperborean

karam: water ditch

bük: thicket

Both parts of the name are 100% Türkic

Karana

town in Galatia

kara

black

>karaŋġu: dark (skin/hair?)

Kardessos

town in Scythia

su

water


Karthaia

one of the four cities on Ceos,!!5 <named> after a certain Carthaios, who died there.

kartay-: to get old

kart: old, ay: moon

karatay: old mountain (still a name in modern Türkiye) OR Kartay: snowy mountain

Karikon

separate district in Memphis

karık

a name


Karkinitis

Scythian town

karkın

overflowing and satisfying

karkın was a famous tribe of Oghuz Türks

Karopolis

town in Caria

Karu: other form of „karşı“. against, opposite, the other

bolıq: city

city of opponents?, of the opposite side?

Karos Kepoi

place in Thrace

Karu: other form of „karşı“. against, opposite, the other

kapıġ = door


Kattuza

town in Thrace

katız: Tree bark, cinnamon



Kenchreai

City in the Troad,?® in which Homer lived for a time while researching all that had happened to the Trojans. <There> is a second city <of this name>, also a port of Corinth.?0* A third <is> in Italy.

kengeres

a tribe attested on Orkhun Stones

Kangar, Kengü, Kengeres: place and tribal names in West Türkistan; Kenger: Sumerians. at the end KENGER is definitely related to Türks

Kaledone

City in the Locris,

kalı

dwelling place


Kephissos

a river in Boeotia 

kıw: happiness

su: water


Knossos

town on Crete

?kün: day, sun

su: water


Kolchian/Kolchis

toponym

köl

lake, see

so easy (+çik: diminutive suffix) > gölcük

Korakos Petra

(Raven Rock)  a place on <the island> of Ithaca.

karga

black bird/raven


Korakonesos

raven island

karga: black bird/raven

su: water


Koressos

Suburb of Ephesus.??’ <It is called that> because Leto, when she had given birth and was carrying Artemis in her arms, came to the place where her altar now <stands>, ​​and when Artemis asked who the place belonged to, she replied: “Girl, yours <is the place> (κόρη, σος)”.

kır: girl

su: water

the similarity between Greek κόρη and Türkic kır (both meaning girl) is not to ignore etymology

Korkyris

city in Egypt

korku: fear



Koromane

city on Persian Gulf

kara? (black)

+man: suffix for exaggerating like more black


Koronta

town in Acarnania

korı-/koru-

to protect


Koruion

City of the Aequi in Italy

korı-/koru-

to protect


Many KORY- toponyms


korı-/koru-

to protect

protected areas 

Kossaia

part of Persia

koş

double

also there is a small town with this name in Thrace

Kossyros

Island and town of the same name, opposite the Sicilian river Selinus; also a Libyan island called Kossyra.

Kosur

an old Türkic tribe

there are toponyms like Ulu-Kosur, Kiçi-Kosur in Türk-lands

Kotyrta

laconic place

kotı: solid, very

orta: middle


Kotyora

Village on the Black Sea

kotı: solid, very

ara: place in between


Kuropolis

town in Caria

kurı: west

bolıq: city


Kragos

mountain in Caria

kır: mountain



Krobyzoi

People south of the Istros (Danube).

kır: mountain

obuz: rough,ineven ground

kuruobuz could be also possible. kuru means „dry“. a very Türkic toponym

Kryassos

City in Caria,<named> after Cryassos, the son of Car.

kur: girdle, belt

+sVz: suffix meaning without


Kybassos

town in Caria

su

water

kuba: pale yellow, pale grey (see > kuba çakırca: a personal name),OR yakut kuba: swan

Kydathenaion

Demos of the Phyle Pandionis

Mongolian kuda/Türkic güde: relaitive-in-law/son-in.law

+t: plural suffix; Kuda and Kudat: personal names

it could be the people who were relatives to a more important Türkic people and was defined as relatives 

Kydantidai

Demos of the phyle Aegeus, but according to Phrynichos

Mongolian kuda/Türkic güde: relaitive-in-law/son-in.law



Kydrara

City. Herodotus mentions it in the seventh book (7,30,2).

ara

place in between

kadır: cruel, ruthless; kurıt ~ kutır: make dry

Kyzikos

city and a personal name

kızık

nervous, 

a marvelous Türkic adjective/name for a man/chieftain

Kythera/Kytheros

Cythera, island with the same-named city, near Crete, named after Cytheros, the son of Phoenix/Demos of the phyle Pandionis.

kuter

a male name that means man with divine mercy

or Kutyer: a place, and, earth with divine mercy

Kyknitis

over which Cyknos reigned as king. Sophocles mentions the landscape in Peleus. And in The Shepherds he mentions the "swan song."

kugu

swan


Kyllandos

town in Caria

kula: light yellow, brown

qolan: saddlegirth

Mongolian kulan: ass/donkey, Turkic kulun: foal

Kynaitha

City in Arcadia,<named> after Kynaithus, one of the sons of Lycaon.

Kün-ay: sun-moon

künaytı: told about day or day-told (about him)

there are many Kün names in Türkish history with kün and a second part with a verb like in KÜNAYTI for example Gündoğdu: The day has come, sunrise, Gündoğmuş: The day has dawned; Küneri: sun/day soldier, Künhan: sonf of Oghuz Bey, Kün Bermiš: day-given, Künseli: clear day, OR an other name Ay TOLDI (moon has become full)

Kynna

Small town near the city of Heraclea, named after one of the Amazons or after Cynnus, brother of Coeus. The ethnic group is Cynnaeans.

küng: female slave

kün: people (el kün)

Küne: a river name

Kynura

city ​​in the region of Argos <named> after Kynuros

konur

brown, dark red


Kypros

Cyprus

bakır

copper

many linguists notice the metathesis of bkr/kpr

Kyrbasa

town in Caria

kır: grey

baš: head


Kyrtaia

town at Red Sea

kır: grey

taw: mountain


Korykos 4x

town in Cilicia, Port in Ethiopia, a mountain in Ionia, an island 

korı-/koru-

to protect


*





Labara

city in Caria

ara

place in between


Lipaxos

town in Thrace

su

water


Lissos/Akrolissos

town in Illiria

ılı-: to get lukewarm, warm

su: water

ak-: to flow

Lyrnessos

Trojan city

su

water


Lytai

Location in Thessaly, <so named> because Poseidon opened (λῦσαι) the valley of the temple and scattered the waters of the incoming flood.!

ulu: great

taw: mountain


Magarsos

extremely large hill in Cilicia, near Mallos.

bagır-sız

without copper

Non-Greek suffix +sos/+sus had to have 2 meanings. Firstly the meaning +water like we see in many river names like Kephisos, Akarissos, etc. Secondly it had to mean „without“ like in this name. That means Pre-Greek +sos = Türkic +su and +sız. We can explain many names that are Pre-Greek (Non-Greek) with this knowledge 

Maia/Maiat

City on the Hellespont. The ethnic name is Maiat, with the addition of the suffix -τῆς.

bay: rich

Bayat: an old Turkic tribe whose name means rich, wealthy


Maiandrupolis/Maiandros

City in <the region> Magnesia,as Phlegon states in the Obympiads  The ethnic icon <is> Maiandtropolit. But if the city is called Maiandros, <is> the ethnic icon Maiandrier.

Bayundur, Bayundır

A very old Türkic tribe whose name derived from the personal name meaning to get rich, wealthy.


Mainobora

City of the Mastieners (south Iberia)

bora

normt wind

like in Boreas, Borras whose name is a 100% Türkic

Maioten

Scythian people of enormous size and with a multitude of people. And the feminine noun <is Maetos;, as <in the designation> "the Maiotic Sea" (i.e., the Sea of ​​Azov), which is said to have derived its name from being the nurse of the Black Sea. There is also a fish <there> called Maiotes.

bay: rich

Bayagut: a personal name derived from bay meaning rich, wealthy

bayut-: For example, in Uyghur Turkish the verb "bayut-" is used in the meaning of "to enrich“. Rich in numbers, numerous?

Massageten

The Scythian people, where Cyrus (the Great) died.

barsık: like a leopard

basık/başık: the little chieftain, commander

basık/başık OR barsık could all be then etymology of these Scythian tribe. My starting point is that the Turkic name of the Hunnic commander Βασίχ. It is also possible that the name derived from the Turkic verb bas- to raid hiddenly,      > BASIK: night raid

Matuketei

a Scythian people

Batuk

an Old Türkic name 

Old Tprkic bat/pat: swift, quick

Megara

City on the Isthmus, in the middle between Peloponnese, Attica and Boeotia, whose port is Nisaia.

ara

place in between


Mukissos

Town in Cappadocia Secunda

büke: snake; bük: thicket

su: water


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Odrysen/Odrysian

was an ancient Thracian state that thrived between the early 5th century BC and the early 3rd / late 1st century BC. Located in present-day Bulgaria, southeastern Romania (Northern Dobruja), northern Greece and European Turkey, it was a tribal amalgam dominated by the Odrysians that was the first large political entity to develop in the eastern Balkans. 

otrug

island

otrı: middle

Ogylos

island between the Peloponnese and Crete.

ogul

baby, child


Ogyris

An island in the Red Sea. The national name is Ugric due to the custom of the place; for it is also Homeric and Savoy and many other nearby places.

ogur

an old Türkic tribe


Odones

The nation of Thrace, like the Maidens, is like a sea. Dionysius in the Bassariques sees "Maidens, wild tribes, and Odonis, with sore veils."

otuŋ

firewood


Odysseis

City on the Iberian Peninsula.

oduz

to lead


Oikos

house

üy

house


Ordaia

town in Macedonia

Proto Türkic *or-: 1 place 2 palace 3 lair, den 4 middle 5 place of staying (of the army, ruler etc.) 6 army 


or-taw?= a high hill?


Ortygia

Ephesus, ... once also ... called Ortygia. Libya, a land with many names ... also> Ortygia.

Ortug: friend and partner (Modern Türkish ortak)

otrug: an island

Ortygia Ancient Greek: Ὀρτυγία, romanizedOrtygía) is a small island which is the historical centre of the city of SyracuseSicily

*





Paktolos

River. Thymbrara, city in Asia in the immediate vicinity of the Pactolus.

pak: shackle, tie

tolu: full of

baka: frog

Palairos

a people (and a city)

bal: mud, swamp

?ara (not probable)


Palike

town on Sicily

balık

city


Pallene

City in Thrace, <named> after Pallene, the daughter of Sithon and wife of Cleitos,

bal: mud, swamp

ene: mother

OR BALLENE <In the Macedonian Greek dialect, the name was also spelled with an initial beta instead of pi, Ballene (Βαλλήνη).[2]

Panakra

mountain range on Crete

?kır: mountain



Pantikapaion

extremely large city, capital of the inhabitants on the (Cimmerian) Bospotos.*’ It was settled by a son of Aeetes, who had acquired the location from the Scythian king Agaetes and named the city after the river Panticapes flowing past. (today Kerch)

ban-/bant-: to tie

kapag/kapıg: door, gate

wenn we look at the geogr. place of that city, we could comprehend, why a city could be named like that 

Parikane

Persian town

barkan: dune that moves

acc. to Herodotus one of their chieftains were called Oiobazos (a real Türkish name AYBARS)

barkan is an international geographical term of Türkish origin

Paropanisos

Hindukush - Central Afghanistan

bar-: to reach, to come

+ıpan: a very old Türkish suffix (modern Türkish +erek)

>barıpan: by coming

Patara

town in Lycia

ara

place in between

bat-/pat-: to sink?

Patrasys/Patrasus

was an ancient Greek Black Sea colony, east of the Strait of Kerch at the Taman Bay, about a kilometer west of the Russian village of Garkusha.

su

water

bat-: to dive, to enter, to go down > batur-: to submerge, to hide, to conceal, to bind. Batursu/Batırsu is compatible with Türkish onomastics

Patykos

City of the Oinotrians in the interior.The ethnic group <is called> Patykit.

batıg/batuk: act of sinking <bat-: to sink

batuk: a male name 


Pausarkai 

People who live at the foot of the Caucasus.

arka: back, backing



Pedenelissos

town in Pisidia

su

water

+sso as a Suffix in Greek is of Non-Greek origin

Peigelissos

town in Caria

su

water

+sso as a Suffix in Greek is of Non-Greek origin

Peltai

town in Phyrigia

bel: mountain pass, hill

taw: mountain


Pinara

big town in Lycia

bıŋar

well, water spring (German Quelle)


Polyara

town in Caria

ara

place in between

?bol-: to exist

Praisos

tin on Crete

su

water


Prinassos

town in Caria

su

water

etymology 

*





Saboi

people in Phrygia

sab

word, speech


Sagalassos

town in Pisidia

su

water


Salars

island off the coast of Libya

Salar

an old Türkic tribe 

The ethnikon <is> Salartier,

Salganeus

a toponym and andronym from Boeotia

Salgan 

a Türkish male name 


Salgas

River and town of Salga in Mauritania.

sal

raft

In Yenisey on Arjan I inscription salga means a bit (for horses)

Salmakis

town in Caria

sal-: to free


In Old Turkish, the verb „sal-", when used as "to tax", means "to impose a tax", "to determine a tax" or "to accrue a tax".

Salmydessos

Bay of the Black Sea

sal: raft

su: water

sal-: to send

Samothrake

An island off the coast of Thrace, with a city of the same name.® It is named after the Samians and the Thracians. It was formerly called Dardania. The ethnic group is Samothracians (Samosossa) and Samothracians.

otruk

island

I have already written about this word as the word in the name of Thracians. An island where SAM and OTRUK (both tribes) lived together?

Sargantha

City on the Iberian Peninsula

sargan 

A grass that grows in barren places


Sargantis

City and guard post in Egypt

sargan 

A grass that grows in barren places


Sardessos

town in Lycia

su: water

sar-: to surround


Saricha

town in Cappadocia

sarı

yellow, white


Sarpedon

city in Thrace  

sarp: difficult


SARP ATUN: an old Türkic person. I have already written about that name

Siagathurgoi

People about whom Marcianos speaks in the Periplus of Sarmatia

suyga: direction of water

tur-: to get together, to stay, to stop, to stand 


Sibyrtos

town on Crete

Sibir/Sibur

a Türkic people

> Sibiria: su 'water' and bir 'wild land’ acc. to Anatole Baikaloff

Sigynnos

City of the Egyptians (?), as Ctesias states in the first book of the Periploi.

sıgun

Wild cattle

Mountain goat


Sindessos

town in Caria

sındı: wide scissors to cut the hair of the animals

su: water

sındı/sındu has no clear Türkic etymology!

Sindia

town in Lycia

sındı: wide scissors to cut the hair of the animals


sındı/sındu has no clear Türkic etymology!

Syassos

village in Phrygia

su

water


Sybaris

river and town in Italy

su: water

bars: leopard

I have already written about its etymology, ralated it to my most popular Türkic name BARS

Syberos

town in Illiria

su: water

Bern: this side; south


Synnada/Sunnaia

town in Phrygia

suna

an old Türkish toponym. 

Here the important word is the neighboring village called Dokimaia. This village was famous with its marble and marble work. Old Türkic verb tokı- means to beat, to strike, to write on a stone

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Tamasos

city ​​on Cyprus,!7 located inland; it possesses excellent copper ore. The ethnic group is Tamasit, as well as Tamasians, like Ephesians and Thasians. Hence, some write: "after Tamase for copper ore“. This, however, is not convincing.

tamar: vein (maybe as lode)

su: water

interesting fact: Modern Greek νταμάρι meaning quarry is of Ottoman Türkish origin, from damar (vein, artery)

Tamyrake

City in the European part of Sarmatia.

tamır: artery, root

ak: white

interesting fact: Modern Greek νταμάρι meaning quarry is of Ottoman Türkish origin, from damar (vein, artery)

Tarsos/Tersos

city in Cilicia


su: water


Tartaros

Crates (fr. 7 Broggiato) <designates> the air below the <two> poles, which is both dense and unusually cold and completely devoid of light

tart-: to hang, to pull

tartar: a kind of bird (corncrake, dove, etc)

Tartarus: the deep abyss that is used as a dungeon of torment and suffering for the wicked and as the prison for the Titans. Tartarus is the place where, according to Plato's Gorgias (c. 400 BC), souls are judged after death and where the wicked received divine punishment.

Tartessos

City on the Iberian Peninsula,”! <named> after the river that flows down from the Silver Mountain; this river also carries tin down to Tartessos.

tart-:

to hang, to pull


Taua

town in Egypt

tau/taw

mountain


Tauaka

town in Sicily

tau/taw

mountain


Taygeton

Mountains in Laconia

tau/taw

mountain


Taulantioi, Tauraisa, Taurike, Tauoreis, Tauromenion, Tauropolion, Tauropolis, 

andronyms and toponyms

tau/taw

mountain


Taurisker

A people <dwelling> near the Alps.They are also called Taurines, as Polybius says in the third book (9,60,8). Eratosthenes (fr. Pi B, 117, p. 360 Berger) calls them Teriski, who are also called Taurer.

tau/taw

mountain


Tauros

Mountain range that runs through the middle of Asia.

tau/taw

mountain

All these TAU names could be related to Türkish word TAU/TAW/TAI meaning simply mountain

Tegessos

town on Cyprus

su

water


Tektosages

a people

tek: only (one) 

taşak: testickle

their horses with one testicle?

Telmissos

town in Caria

su: water



Temeneia

town in Phrygia

temen

big pole, stake


Temenos

Terrain in Sicily <with location> below Epipolai near Syracuse.

temen

big pole, stake

There is also a Temenite hill in Thrace near the land of the Triballi.

Terina

City and river of the same name in Italy;

tering

accumulated, deep (water)


Termessos

town in Pisidia

su: water



Teukroi

with final stress; <that is the name> of the Trojans, after Teucrus, the son of Scamander and the nymph Idaea. Teucris in the feminine is also a name for the city of Troia, also Teucrion.

toygar

a kind of bird of prey

I have already written about this probable Türkish name 

Teumessos

Mountain in Boeotia. Homer <says> in the Aymnos on Apollo (224): “Going to Mycalessos and the grassy Teumessos.”

su: water

teu= ?tau (mountain)


Tibyris

town in Italy

temir

iron, quarry

see Sumerian tibira (dibira tabira tebiru tibira) (copper)smith, metalworker

Tingis

City in <the landscape> Maurusia (North Africa)

tengis

sea, lake


Timyra

City near <the region> Isauria. There is also an Indian river <of this name>

temir

iron, quarry; artery 


Tnyssos

town in Caria

su: water



Tomaros

Mountain in the region of Dodona; some call this Tomuros and its inhabitants Tomurer. Others, however, call it 'Tmaros,

tomar, tomur

1 block, log 2 to hack, hew 3 to break off, chip off 



Tobur/tomur: (pine) cone 


Troia

toponym

otra/orta

the middle (where the chieftain stays)


Trokmoi

Galatian tribe. They were also called Trocmenoi

Türkmen

the real Türk

the same word/name, I would say

Trychai

A city on Euboea. Lycophron (374), however, calls it Trychas after a change in declension.

otruk

island

OR Türük?

Tylis

town in Thrace

Tuli

an old Türk tribe

sıçan tüli: a color of a horse. sıçan means rat tulip is probably the color of the rat. Tüli means literally „with hair“. OR Tüli is a male name, too. (probably a hairy one)

Tymena

village in Lycia

tümen/tumen

10.000, many 


Tyras

old name of Dniester and the city there

Tura

a place to stay, to live, from tur-: to stay, to live

Tura is also a male name (Tura OR Tura Tutuk)

Tyrmenioi

Scythian people with the greatest experience in science.?’? Their name is interpreted as ‘refugees’.

torum

Young camel, young 

OR Töremen Apa Kagan: an old Türkic name of a commander (6th C AD), OR Toraman? 

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Hyrtakos

town on Crete

Ortak/Urtak

partner, friend






https://topostext.org/work/241

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Badiza: Βάδιζα,

city of Britain, Polybius thirty-first. The national name is Badizaeus.

badız

picture, ornament


Baia

mountain of Cephalonia, from Boeotian governor Odysseus

baya

to get rich, to enrich


Baiake

city of Chaonia, Hecataeus

bay: rich

ak: white, holy, noble


Baibai

A citizen of Caria.

bay bay

very rich? rich chieftain?


Baikyla

Iberian city towards the Pillars of Heracles

bay: rich



Bakyroi and Bakyrianoi

a nation related to the Parthians and Medes.

bakır 

copper

see Cyprus (metathesis of BAKIR?)

Balboura

a town in Lycia

bal: honey

bur-: to smell


Bargylia

town in Caria

bar-: to reach, to come

bargıl: imperative of bar-


Baris

a city

bars

leopard


Barkanoi

a nation neighboring the Hyrcanians.

barkan 

moving sand


Basanisai

a people in Thrace, comes directly from the name of the Tormentor.

bas-: to press, to step (on), to raid



Basilis

city of Arcadia, Pausanias' eighth.

başlı/baslı

the wo have a chieftain


Bolbai

town in Caria

bay: rich

bol-: to get, to be


Bolissos

Aeolian city on the tip of Chios near

su: water



Boudinoi

a Scythian nation, despite the fact that they ride on chariots drawn by oxen; for the Scythians are charioteers

budun/bodun

tribe, clan


*





Garamantes

a Libyan nation

kara/gara

black

I have already written about this nation 

Gargara

city of Troas on the edge of Ida

ara

place in between


*





Daidala

a city of Rhodia or a village, Strabo sees. It is also a mountain of Lycia, Daedala. And the city of Daedalus of Icarus is in Lycia. For by some one it passed [through] the Ninus river, and under Chersydro it was said to be finished and there to be buried and to build a city of Alexander's lineage in Lycia. It is also of India. And another of Crete.

tai/tau

mountain


Daskylion

a city of Caria on the borders of Ephesus, by Dascylos, son of Periaudus. It is another city built after the Trojans. The third of Ionia, the so-called great, as the greatest of the others. The fourth about Bithynia. The fifth of Aeolis and Phrygia. The national Dascylite, as Cyprus is a Cypriot.

taşgaru

outside, (border areas)

there are many Daskylion.

Daskon

Sicilian village. Philistine of the sixth Sicilian tribe "in the Flood and Dascona". The ethnic Dasconios or Dasconites.

taş-: (water, liquid) to exceed the limit, to spill



Daulia

city of Phocis

tau/taw

mountain


Daunion

city of Italy. Lycophron "over Lakius Daunius the blessed". the national Daunios, and Daunia the feminine, and Daunike by contraction from Dauniatai, and Dauniatikus. is also Daunion the wall city of Thrace. the citizen Dauniotheichites.

tau/taw

mountain


Dausara

city near Edessa

ara

place in between


Dhekelia

Dhekelia, a town of the Hippothoantidae tribe, from Dhekelia, the leader of the Dioscuri in Aphidna, as Herodotus says

tekeli/teke-ili

teke: male goat, il: state


Dymanes

tribe of Dorians

duman

fog, darkness

dum: cold, flu

*





Elixoia

Hyperborean island, not less than Sicily, beyond the river Carambicus.

Elik-su

deer-water

Carambukis should also be Türkish, Karam water canal +  bük: thicket

Erikeia

A city of Athens of the Aegean tribe. The citizen is Ericeius. The local people from Ericeia are Ericeans, Ericeians.

erig: where the people can stay for a white and rest, 

erig: deserted place


*





ialysos

a city in Rhodes and in Scythia and in the Adriatic.

yal-: to shine

su: water


iazyges

A European nation

yazı

steppe 

i have already written about the etymology of iazyges, iapodes and iapygia in y blog. www.uzunbacakadem.blogspot.com

iamai

a Scythian people

yama-

to add


ikaria

a city of the Aegid tribe, from Icarius, the father of Erigone. The citizen of Icarius. The local people from Icaria, Icarians.

yokaru

above, upwards

Ikarus rose always upwards. I have already written a poem about that. See Ikaros

ilissos

a river of Attica,

ılı-: to get lukewarm, warm

su: water


imbrasos

Samos, from the river.

su: water

imbra ?< yamgır (rain)


inachia

Inachia, the Peloponnese, not only Argos

inak

an old Türkic title

I have already examined this word in detail

issos

a city between Syria and Cilicia, where Alexander defeated Darius, which was therefore called Nicopolis by him. and the Issikos Gulf. the citizen Issios, as Nile Nileios. and there also a river called Pinaros.

isi-: to heat up

su: water


*





Chabarenoi

nation. Eudoxus, in the first period of the earth, "for those who live near Chalybes are also called Khabarians, who eat the breasts of foreign women, who perhaps are born to them, and raise their children in a state of peace."

kabar-

to swell


Chadisia

city of Lefkosyrons.

kadız

tree bark

Ezginti Kadız: a toponym in Asia








*

There are more than 200 toponyms/ethnonyms that could be explained with a Türkic verb/word.

*

Uzunbacak Adem

*

Links: 

https://topostext.org/work/241

*

STEPHANI BYZANTII ETHNICA

https://archive.org/search?query=Margarethe+Billerbeck+byzantius

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