Germanic-chieftain-Catumerus-Actumerus-versus-Turkic-Aktemür

 

Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft

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Mr. Pauly mentions the name of a chieftain of the Germanic tribe called Chatti (or Catti) whose homeland was near the upper Weser (Visurgis) river (in today's Germany the State of Hesse).

He writes the name down like Catumerus but he corrects that in the same sentence. He writes 

Catumerus "incorrect reading for Actumerus".

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Ok. About the name itself there is no information. 

Till you read this article about this name.

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Actumer-us sounds a 100 % Türkish!(If we accept -us as Roman suffix for male names and remove it).

AKTUMER's first part AK should be "the white". AK had many meaning like "the Elite" or "the West" or simply "the White". This part is very suitable for the Türkish onomastics. 

Second part TUMER is not that clear but clear enough.

TUMER could had been the word for iron, TEMÜR. This word we can read already on the Orkhun Memorial Stones. 

>temür kapıġka tegi süledim. (I fought until the iron gate.)

This word/name many variations in Türk languages like TÖMÜR, TEMIR, TIMER, TIMUR, TIMÜR, TEMUR, TEMÜR,TEYMUR or TÖMÖR, ...

WIKI knows more:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timur_(name)

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That means:

AKTEMÜR could had been "The White Iron".

We see the same name in Türk-Ottoman history as the name of the nephew of the OSMAN (the founder-father of the Ottoman Empire). His name was AKTEMUR or AKTEMIR. One of the member of the Founder-Elite of the Ottoman-Türks.

AKDEMIR is still a very popular family name in Modern Türkiye. 

TIMURID Dynasty had the same word-origin after Tamerlane.

There is even a Iron God called TEMIR HAN in Türkic religion. A real important God for the ironsmithing nation Türks.

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There is a very old word TOMAR I should mention, too.

This word means block/log of a tree. This is a possibility too. Maybe AKTUMER was a big and wide man. 

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At least not not last, TUMIR is the name of a kind of drums in Ural-Volga Region where Türkish culture is very dominant. AK-TUMIR could also had been the "he with the white drums".

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And I could mention the modern name in Türkiye, TÜMER, meaning "a whole man". This name though has nothing to do with IRON. I only wanted to show that the name is a 100% compatible with Türkic onomastics. 

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To sum up:

I think this Germanic people had a Türk as chieftain or the Germanic chieftain had a name after a Türkic tradition. 

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TURKISH VERSION:

Bay Pauly, anavatanı Yukarı Weser (Visurgis) Nehri'nin (bugünkü Almanya'da Hessen Eyaleti) yakınında olan Chatti (veya Catti) adlı Germen kabilesinin bir şefinin adını anar.

Bi adı Catumerus gibi yazıyor ancak aynı cümlede bunu düzeltiyor. Şöyle yazıyor:

Catumerus "Actumerus'un yanlış okunmuş hali".

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İsmin kendisi hakkında hiçbir bilgi yok.

Bu isim hakkında bu makalemi okuyana kadar.

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Actumer-us (erkek isimlerine eklenen -us ekini Roma eki olarak kabul edersek ve bunu atarsak) %100 Türkçe gibi duruyor!

AKTUMER'in ilk kısmı AK "beyaz" olmalı. AK'nin "Seçkin" veya "Batı" veya sadece "Beyaz" gibi birçok anlamı vardı. Adın bu ilk kısmı Türk onomastiği için çok uygundur.

İkinci kısım TUMER o kadar açık değil ancak yeterince açık.

TUMER demir kelimesi TEMÜR olabilirdi. Bu kelimeyi Orhun Anıt Taşları'nda zaten okuyabiliriz.

>temür kapıġka tegi süledim. (Demir kapıya değin savaştım.)

Bu kelime/ad Türk dillerinde TÖMÜR, TEMİR, TIMER, TIMUR, TIMÜR, TEMUR, TEMÜR,TEYMUR veya TÖMÖR gibi birçok varyasyona sahiptir, ...

WIKI daha fazlasını biliyor: 

kaynak: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timur_(name)

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Bu şu anlama geliyor:

AKTEMÜR "AkDemir" olabilirdi.

Aynı ismi Türk-Osmanlı tarihinde OSMAN'ın (Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun kurucu babası) yeğeninin ismi olarak görüyoruz. Adı AKTEMUR veya AKTEMİR'di. Osmanlı-Türklerinin Kurucu-Seçkinlerinden biri.

TIMURID Hanedanlığı'nın kelime kökeni Timurlenk'in adı da aynı köktendi.

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Türk dininde TEMİR HAN adında bir Demir Tanrı bile vardır. Demirci ulusu Türkler için gerçekten önemli bir Tanrı.

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Bahsetmem gereken çok eski bir TOMAR kelimesi de var.

Bu kelime bir ağacın kütüğü anlamına gelir. Bu da bir olasılıktır. Belki AKTUMER kütük gibi iri yarı bir adamdı.

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En azından son olarak, TUMIR, Türk kültürünün çok baskın olduğu Ural-Volga Bölgesi'nde bir tür davulun adıdır. 

AK-TUMIR, "beyaz davullu adam" olabilir.

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Ve Türkiye'deki modern isim olan TÜMER'i, "bütün bir adam" anlamına gelen zikredebilirim. Ancak bu ismin DEMİR ile hiçbir ilgisi yok.

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Bence bu Cermen halkının reisi bir Türk'tü veya bu Cermen reis Türk geleneğinden esinlenerek bir ad almıştı. 

Uzunbacak Adem

Scytho-Roman-Town-Carsium-Carso-Carsos-versus-Turkic-karshi

 

Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft

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Carsium or Carso or Carsio or Carsos

A town in today's Romania where Milites Scythici (Scythian Soldiers) lived. We can assume that the name was a Scythian one. That leads us to a Türkic name, too. (I am sure that there were Türks in Scythian Empire).

And this word would be Karşı.

All the meanings of that Türkic word would be compatible with a military station on the banks of a river (Here Danube).

What does this Türkic word mean?

Karşı means the opposite side of the river Danube (like district Karşıyaka in Izmir with the same meaning).

Karşı means opponent, rival.

Karşı means fight.

Karşı means the palace of the khan.

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As we see here the Türks were there as Scythians and gave Türkish names to towns. Türks and Türkish language are older than all Indo-Europeans claim.

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Bonus town name:

Carsidava (Ancient Greek: Καρσίδαυα) was a Dacian town. Recent research placed Carsidava near Soroca town in Moldova. (Wikipedia)

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Türkish version:

Carsium veya Carso veya Carsio veya Carsos

Bugünkü Romanya'da Milites Scythici'nin (İskit Erleri) yaşadığı bir kasaba. İsmin İskitçe olduğunu varsayabiliriz. Bu bizi doğrudan bir Türkçe ada da götürür.

Ve bu kelime "Karşı" dır. 

Bu Türk kelimesinin tüm anlamları bir nehrin kıyısındaki askeri istasyonla (burada Tuna Nehri) uyumlu olurdu.

Bu Eski Türkçe sözcük ne anlama geliyordu?

Karşı, Tuna nehrinin karşı yakası anlamına gelir (aynı anlama sahip İzmir'deki Karşıyaka ilçesi gibi).

Karşı, rakip anlamına gelir.

Karşı, kavga anlamına gelir.

Karşı, hanın sarayı anlamına gelir.

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Burada gördüğümüz gibi Türkler İskit adı altında oradaydılar ve oturdukları yarlere Türkçe adlar verdiler. Türkler ve Türk dili, tüm Hint-Avrupalıların iddia ettiğinden daha eskidir.

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Bonus kasaba adı:

Carsidava (Antik Yunanca: Καρσίδαυα) bir Dakya kasabasıydı. Son araştırmalar Carsidava'yı Moldova'daki Soroca kasabasının yakınlarına yerleştirdi. (Vikipedi)

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Uzunbacak Adem

Old-Roman-goddess-Carna-versus-Turkish-Karin

Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft

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Pauly mentions a very old Roman goddess. Her name was Carna. 

According to German wiki: 

Carna war eine der vielen „kleinen“ Göttinnen der römischen Mythologie. Sie war die Göttin des Herzens und der übrigen Organe sowie Schutzherrin der Gesundheit.

English translation: 

Carna was one of the many “minor” goddesses of Roman mythology. She was the goddess of the heart and the other organs, as well as the patron of health.

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According to Italian wiki:

Carna (probabilmente dal latino caro-carnis, carne) o Cardia^[1] era una ninfa che risiedeva in un antico bosco chiamato Alerno (o Elerno), vicino al fiume Tevere. Viene successivamente accolta tra le divinità con il compito di proteggere gli organi interni, in particolare dei bambini, e più in generale di assicurare il benessere fisico all'uomo.

English translation: 

Carna (probably from the Latin caro-carnis, flesh) or Cardia[1] was a nymph who resided in an ancient forest called Alerno (or Elerno), near the Tiber river. She was later welcomed among the divinities with the task of protecting the internal organs, especially of children, and more generally of ensuring the physical well-being of man.

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If I may sum up: 

Carna was a very old Roman goddess, whose name has no real etymology. She was the goddess of the vital organs. 

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Now my turn:

The very old Türkic word karın means middle front part of the body where the vital organs are. 

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This Turkic words is also parallel to the carn in carnival. 

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Still co-incidence?

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Turkish version:

Pauly adı Carna olan çok eski bir Roma tanrıçasının adını anar. 

Alman wikisine göre:

Carna, Roma mitolojisinin birçok "küçük" tanrıçasından biriydi. Kalp ve diğer organların tanrıçasıydı, aynı zamanda sağlığın da koruyucusuydu.

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İtalyan wiki'sine göre:

Carna (muhtemelen Latince caro-carnis, et kelimesinden gelir) veya Cardia[1], Tiber nehri yakınlarındaki Alerno (veya Elerno) adlı antik bir ormanda yaşayan bir periydi. Daha sonraları, özellikle çocukların iç organlarını koruma ve daha genel olarak insanın fiziksel refahını sağlama göreviyle tanrılar arasına kabul edildi.

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Özetleyecek olursam:

Carna, isminin gerçek bir etimolojisi olmayan çok eski bir Roma tanrıçasıydı. Hayati organların tanrıçasıydı.

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Şimdi sıra bende:

Karın çok eski bir Türkçe sözcük olup, vücudun hayati organların bulunduğu orta ön kısmı anlamına gelmektedir.

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Bu Türkçe sözcük aynı zamanda karnavaldaki carn kelimesine de paraleldir.

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Hala tesadüf mü diyelim?

Uzunbacak Adem

Kutrigur-Chieftain-Khinialon-its-Turkic-etymology

 

Kutrigurs Utrigurs Huns Avars - Pic: wiki

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O. Maenchen-Helfen wrote that the name of Kutrigur chieftain 

Khinialon or Chinialon or Chinialus or Χινιαλών

is of undetermined origin. 

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With all due respect let me determine it!

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There are very good two probabilities from the Türk language:

1. Kını Yalıng 

Kın means sword sheath and yalıng/yalang means naked (in the sense of unadorned, plain, simple).

(Possessive suffix: -ı)

> simple-sheathed 

> he whose sheath is simple

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2. Kını Yalın (almost the same word) 

Kın means sword sheath and yalın means flame, glow (shiny).

> Shiny-sheathed

> he whose sheath is shiny

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These are the proposals that I have made. I wouldn't say they were far-fetched. My both proposals are very suitable for a chieftain, too.

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Türkish version:

O. Maenchen-Helfen, Kutrigur başbuğunun adı olan

Khinialon veya Chinialon veya Chinialus veya Χινιαλών'un 

belirsiz bir kökene sahip olduğunu söylüyor.

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Herr Maennchen-Helfen'a saygı duyarım ama bunun bu adın kökenini belirlememe engel olmasını istemem!

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Bakalım: 

Türk dilinden çok iyi iki olasılık var:

1. Kını Yalıng

Kın kılıç kılıfı anlamına gelir ve yalıng/yalang çıplak anlamına gelir (süslenmemiş, sade, basit anlamında)

> sade-kınlı

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2. Kını Yalın (neredeyse aynı sözcük)

Kın kılıç kılıfı anlamına gelir ve yalın sözcüğünün alev, parıltı; parlak anlamları vardır. 

> Parlak-kınlı

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Yaptığım öneriler bunlar. Bunların abartılı olduğunu söyleyemem. Bu iki önerimin de bir başbuğ adı olması hiç de olanaksız değildir. 

Uzunbacak Adem

Turkish-proposals-to-the-names-in-Paulys-Realencyclopedia-Letter-B

 

Pauly's RE

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Pauly's Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft

Letter B

Findings in February 2025

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I have looked through Türkish window at the names that I have read in the Pauly's Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft

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Uzunbacak Adem

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Pauly Word	Info	Türkic Word	Info	Extra Info
Baba	name of a fool who died in 54 AD, Senec. lud. 3, 4; epist. 15, 10.	baba = aba aba	father	Baba, meaning father is an Old Türkic word but older is only Aba meaning father
Babai	King of the Sarmatians, fights against the Ostrogoths around 466, Jord. Get. 54, 277.	baba = aba aba	father	Baba, meaning father is an Old Türkic word but older is only Aba meaning father
Bacchanal	cult association of the mystical Dionysus	bak-	to watch	Sanscrit origined bakşı: shaman; musician
Bacurdus	Deity (Germanic? Celtic?), mentioned in two now lost inscriptions from Cologne, Brambach CIRh 385 (from the year 189) Bacurdo sacrum M. Albanius Paternus optio v. s. l. m. 386 Bacurdo sacrum T. Iul(ius) Fortunatus pro se et suis v. s. l. m.	bakır	Planet Mars, copper
Bacurius	(Georgian: ბაკურ, romanized: bak'ur) was a Romangeneral of Georgian origin and a member of the royal family of Iberia(Kartli, eastern Georgia) mentioned by several Greco-Roman authors of the 4th and 5th centuries.	bakır	copper; Bakır Han: a male name given by Türks.
Baebulus	Archwizard	bay	rich, respect person of higher position
Baiana	In an inscribed decree of the Decurions of Cumae (CIL X 3698) from 289 AD, the election of a priest matris deae Baianae is mentioned; in the confirmation of this election by the Roman Quindecimviri sacris faciundis, recorded on the same stone, the same deity is referred to simply as Mater deum. The name is probably explained by the fact that in Baiae the mother of the gods was united with a mater Baiana, who was worshipped as a city goddess (cf. the Reatinus pater CIL IX 4676, pater Pyrgensis XI 3107, see also Albsis pater); the M(ater) d(eum) m(agna) Port(us) Aug(usti) et Traiani felicis CIL XIV 408. 429 is also named after the place of her worship.	bay ana	higher mother	There is already a goddess of the Türks called Bay Ana OR Bayanay; wiki: Bai Baianai (Old Turkic: 𐰉𐰀𐰖𐰉𐰀𐰖𐰀𐰣𐰀𐰖) is the Yakut spirit of forests, animals and patron of hunters. Hunters light fires and pray that their work will pass fertile and without accidents. In some cultures, she protects children. She is considered a protector of the lineage.
Baicorix	Pyrenean-Iberian god, known through four short inscriptions	bay: rich, higher. respectable	korı-: to protect
Bagodaras	a „Persian“ hero	bagatur	Türkic title/name for „the hero“	I have written a blog about that
Baiocasses OR Bodiocasses	People in the northwestern part of Gallia Lugudunensis, around Bayeux (dép. Calvados), only mentioned by Plin. n. h. IV 107			interesting: bai (possibly boy) and bod in then name of a tribe. Both are Türkic words for „kin, tribe“. Boy is she newer than bod.
Baios	helmsman of Odysseus	bay	richt, higher, respectable
Baitorix	Prince of the Sugambres, father of Deudorix, Strab. VII 292.	Baytoru	a very Türkish name indeed.	that is a Türk name. There is a female character in the legend of Toltoy by Kyrgyz Türks. The name smelled like Türkish. Whether it is a female name, it is not very important because the Türks give many names to boys and girls.
Baius	a Roman knight, lived in 2nd C AD	bay: rich, higher. respectable
* there are some other epithets or names with „bai“ at the beginning. All are interesting! *	BAI
* All the topics that are beginning with bak, dealing with Bacchus/Dionysus must be examined under the light of Turkic word bak- meaning to look, to watch…*	BAK
Balbai	Castell in Dacia mediterranea, Kavetzos district	bal: mud, bay: rich		Balbay is a typical Türkish name for men
Balbitene	a city in South-Armenia	bal	mud	?bit-/büt-: to be completed, to become whole, to attain perfection, to mature
Balicha	(Βάλιχα, Var. Βίληχα), tributary of the Euphrates in Mesopotamia, Isid. Charac. Geogr. [2828] gr. min. I 246. In Plut. Crass. 23 it is called Βαλισσός; but Βασίλειος ποταμός in Strab. XVI 747 is probably based on a scribal error. Now Belîch. Sachau Reise in Syria und Mesopot. 230 (already in the Assyrian inscriptions Ba-li-ḫu).	bal: mud, clay	Βαλισσός/Balissos could be muddy water
Balios 3x	name of animals	balu-/balı->bağlığ	lit. tied up (animal), meaning belonging to somebody from balı-/balu- to tie up (an animal)
Βαλλαχράδες, ballachrades	This name was given to the young participants of a festival celebrated by the Argives, in which the throwing of pears (ἀχράδες) must have played a role, Plut. quaest. graec. 51.	bala: a child	kertme: a wild pear
Bangis	river from the Sarmatian Heights	bang-	do dip, to dunk	?>the river you dive into and get lost in
Barbyses oder Barbyssos (Βαρβύσης, Βάρβυσσος, Βαρύβυσσος, Βαρβύσιος),	River near Byzantium, which joins the Kydaros to flow into the innermost [6] part of the Golden Horn called Σαπρὰ θάλασσα Marcidum mare	su	water	?bar-: to come, to reach, to exist
Barsaborses	a high Sassanid dignitary	bars	leopard
Baruk&Baruka & Baruklia	(Ptol. V 12, 5), a settlement in the southeastern part of Albania, north of the mouth of the Cyrus and close to Gangara (Bakû). According to Jankowsky, there was a village called Baruk further west, in the area of ​​Šeki & Place in Phrygia or Pisidia, of which only the ἐθνικόν is known Βαρουκλιανός on inscriptions from Saghir, north of Hoiran Göl.	bark barık	Emperor's palace; mausoleum; house; temple with altar	also see bar-: to reach, to come, to go; bar: existant
Basanarai	a Hinterindigenous people above the Chalkitis on the middle reaches of the river Doanas, thus probably a division of the Μοï-Aborigines Kambôğas.	bas-: to hit, to raid, to attack suddenly	er: soldier, men	there are 2 well-known Türkic tribes: BASMIL and BASARAB, both derive their names from that root.
Basanisai	(Βασανίσαι, also Βανίσαι) Thracian people, Steph. Byz.	bas-: to hit, to raid, to attack suddenly		there are 2 well-known Türkic tribes: BASMIL and BASARAB, both derive their names from that root.
Basceiandossus	(see Andossus). The inscription on an altar kept in the museum of Toulouse reads DEO | BASCEIA | NDOSSO | ANDOX | VS | V·S·L·M, J. Sacaze Inscr. antiques des Pyrénées no. 292 (further literature there). It is questionable whether Bascei Andosso or Basceiandosso should be read. The first part seems to have been preserved in the name of the place where it was found (val de Bassioué, territoire communal de Melles). Sacaze notes that Bassia, Bassiès, Bassibié and similar are the names of several Pyrenean mountains. For a valuable Old Celtic vocabulary, see Bascei.	baskuk/basguk	rock fragment, mountain range, mountain fragment	if we read the explanation of Pauly further we see that there were other mountain names of Celtic origin with this name-fragment
Basich	Chief of the Huns, made an unsuccessful attempt to invade the Persian Empire around the middle of the 5th century, and later entered Roman service, Prisc. frg. 8 p. 90.	basık	chief tax collector
Basile, Basileus, Basileia, Basila,	many "bas“ words	baş	head, leader
Βασιλήϊοι (Basilii)	or 'royal' Scythians, Hdt. IV 20. 22. 56. 57. 59, was the name given by the Pontic Greeks to the great horde which lay east of the Auchatai and Georgoi and from the lower reaches of the Borysthenes to the bend of the Tanais; this was the most numerous and bravest part of the Skolotoi, who regarded the other tribes as inferior, less genuine and as inferiors (δοῦλοι IV 20).	başlığ	person with a head (chieftian); person with a leader; person with their head held high; proud	„royal Scythians“ is very compatible with Türkic başlığ meaning lit. he who has a head (leader).
Basilios	name of a month in Cretan kalender	basığ	a kind of tax	month for the taxes for the harvest?
Βασκάνια	the evil eye	baş	wound, wound tip	<head
Bassarinoi	an otherwise unknown Caucasian or Scythian people in Colchis, Geogr. Rav. IV 4 p. 174	bas-: to hit, to raid, to attack suddenly		there are 2 well-known Türkic tribes: BASMIL and BASARAB, both derive their names from that root.
Bastaga	a facility for the transport of fiscal goods.	bas-: to press, to step on		there is a word bastak meaning stair step, i can not prove its history
Bathanattos	a Galatian chieftain. He led the Galatian Scordists to the Danube	batan-ata	could be a 100 % Türkic name.	There was a chieftain among Pechenegs whose name was Batan. Ata means the father, descendant
Bathos	Location (gorge) in southern Arcadia not far from Alpheios, where every two years a festival was celebrated for the Great Goddesses. There, next to the spring of Olympia, fire rose from the ground, which gave rise to the location of the battle of the giants, Paus. VIII 29, 1. 5.	bat-	to sink, to dive, to enter, to go down	gorge smells like „to go down, to sink, to dive“.
Bathrikon	Name of a Carian locality, Le Bas 1643 a.	batrak, batruk	spear pennant	place with a kind of a high official of the chieftain (if it was only one batrak)
Bathy	(Βαθύ), one location each on the European and Asian side of the Bosporos, see Dion. Byz. Bosp. navig. ed. Wescher p. 38f. 57; Schol. 38. 71 p. 49.	batıg/batığ	swamp, Deep places of rivers and river-like things
Bathychaitai	Long hair', Nordic tribes above the Maiotis, Orph. Argon. 1064; Scythians and Sarmatians are depicted with long hair.	batıg/batığ	swamp, Deep places of rivers and river-like things	tai: mountain ?> Batık-tai: a mountainous region that have many swamps or holes in the ground?
Bathykolpos	(Βαθυκόλπος), deep bay into which a river of the same name flows, on the west side of the Bosporos, near the present Böjükdere, Dion. Byz. frg. 43 Müll. (Geogr. gr. min. II 53) = 71 Wesch. Gyllius z. d. St. v. Hammer Constantinopolis II 244f.	batıg/batığ	swamp, Deep places of rivers and river-like things
Bathynias	(Βαθυνίας), river in Thrace, probably the Sazly (Taslii) Dere, which flows west of Constantinople near Kütschük Tschekmekdsche, see Plin. n. h. IV 47. Ptol. III 11, 4 (6). Strab. VII 331 frg. 56. Kiepert map of western Asia Minor II. Probably the same which App. Mithr. 1 is called Bithyas.	bat-	to sink, to dive, to enter, to go down	swamp like areas have always the root bat- in Türkic
Bathyrsos	a river	su	water	bat-: to sink, to dive / deep river?
Bathys 3x	river name	bat-	to sink, to dive, to enter, to go down
Βατιάκη	(βατιάκιον, batiaca, batioca, batiola, Plaut. Stich. 694 und bei Non. 545, 20. Loewe Prodr. 276. 280. Keller Volksetym. 82), ein persisches Trinkgefäss, bei Athen. XI 784a (vgl. 497 f) [140] mit der φιάλη verglichen, also eine flache Schale; so auch die Glossen.	bat-	to sink, to dive, to enter, to go down
Batichos	Son of Sonikos from Kos, he rendered services to the exiled Samians and was appointed πρόξενος and εὐεργέτης after their return; the terminus post quem of the honour is 322/1. Schede Athen. Mitt. XLIV 5f.12f.	batuk	a personal name
Batracharta	City of Babylonia between the Tigris and the coast, below Apamea Ptol. V 20, 4. For the second part of the name cf. ZDMG XXX 139ff. XXXI 495ff. ΧΧΧII 724ff. XXXIII 143ff.	batrak	flag
Batrache	(Βατραχή, Ptol. V 5, 30), a town on the upper reaches of the Thessyris, which appears to be located in the area of ​​the Heniochoi north of the Korax.	batrak	flag
many Batrach- names		batrak	flag
Batyllos	(Βάτυλλος), a satyr in the Bacchic thiasos on a red-figure vase, Jahn Vaseb. II 2 (CIG 8439), possibly also made on the Apotheosis of Heracles in Villa Albani (Jahn-Michaelis Griech. Bilderchron. Note 267). The derivation of the name from the root βατ- makes the change to Βάθυλλος superfluous. Heydemann Satyr and Bacchae names 19 and 35.	batur/batır	hero	a very old Türkic name
Bautisos	According to the report in Ptol. VI 16, 3, drawn from Marinos and based on inquiries by Persian or Bactrian trading agents (ca. 80 AD), a large river of the eastern country of Serike	su	water
Bazopara	(κώμη Βαζοπάρων), Thracian village that participated in the settlement of the Emporium of Pizos (202 AD), Kalinka Anti. Denkm. Bulgar. 34 II 40. IV 92.	ara	a place in between
Bdekyra	(κωμῆται Βδεκυρηνοί), Thracian village, mentioned in the inscription of Hissar (district Karlovo), Kalinka Ant. Monument. Bulgarian. 100.	kır	mountain
Bedizum	Place (mutatio) in Thrace, 12 miles west of Rhaidestos (now Rodosto), Itin. Hieros. 601;	bediz	embroidery, picture
Belaidipara	(Βηλαιδίπαρα), castle in the Byzantine eparchy of Thrace, founded by Justinian I, Procop. aed. IV 11 p. 305 Bonn.	ara	place in between
Belendi	Belendi, people in Aquitanica in Plin. n. h. IV 108. Perhaps identical with the Βεληδόνιοι in Steph. Byz. Cf. Desjardins Géogr. de la Gaule II 371. 374f. Holder Altkelt. Sprachschatz s. v.	Berendi	A Türkic tribe	there is still a town called Berendi in Anatolia coming from this name
Belenus/Belinus	Belenus (less often, but relatively frequently in inscriptions Belinus), Celtic god who enjoyed great veneration at the time of the decline of the Roman religion. Tertullian apol. 24 and ad nat. II 8 describes him as a special god of Noricum, and one of the fairly numerous inscriptions has also been found in the area of ​​Noricum (CIL III 4774 Belino Aug. sac., [200] near Klagenfurt).	beling	panic, terror
Belos	Mountains in Syria (Ptol. V 15, 16. Plin. n.h. V 81. 82. Steph. Byz. s. Σελευκόβηλος). Ptolemy and Stephen. Byz. (loc. cit.) call a Σελεύκεια πρὸς Βήλῳ; Pliny (loc. cit.)	bel	mountain pass, ridge
Benkasos	(Βέγκασος), location (mountain ridge?) on Crete between Lato and Olus, CIG II 2554., or a river?	su	water
Bepara	(Βέπαρα), castle in the Thracian province of Rhodope, founded by Justinian I, Procop. aed. IV 11 p. 305 Bonn.	ara	a place in between
Bereiaros	(Βηρηΐαρος), castle in the Byzantine eparchy of Thrace, founded by Justinian I, Procop. de aedif. IV 11 p. 305 Bonn.	beri-yar/beri-yer	the place to our side, southern place	yer/yar: place, beri: southern a place near to our direction
Berekyntes, Berekynthos, Berekyntia	A Phrygian tribe, a mountain ridge, nickname of Kybele	berk/berik	strong, sturdy, solid
Berich 2x	King of the Goths, A Hunnic nobleman	berk/berik	strong, sturdy, solid
Bericus	A Celtic nobleman	berk/berik	strong, sturdy, solid
Berosaba	(Not. dign. or. XXXIV 5; ibid. XXXIV 18 Benosabae). Military station (equites Dalmatae Illyriciani) in the territory of the Dux Palaestinae; probably identical with Bersabe on the southern border of Palestine, where according to Hieron. Onom. ed. Lagarde 103, 32ff. there was a Roman garrison, see Bersabe No. 1.	oba: dwelling place	beri: south, near to our seide	no matter where it is, the Romans called it like the dwelling places in Thrace (There are many aba/oba in Thrace)
Bessapara	(‘Bessen-Markt’), place in Thrace, Aparchy of Thrace, on the road from Serdika to Philippolis, fortified by Justinian I,	ara	a place in between
Besser	(Βέσσαρα), city of Assyria on the left bank of the Tigris, Ptol. VI 1, 3.	ara	a place in between
Bessi	a Thracian tribe	beş	5	there are many numbers in the names of the Türk tribes like 9 Oguz, 10 Ogur, etc. Maybe the second part of the name (confederation) got lost.
Beuca	King of the Sarmatians, fought against the Ostrogoths around 466. Jord. Get. 54, 277.	Buqa	bull	There were many man called Buka in Türk history. Also look at Böke/Bögü
Bezek	(Βεζέκ) Euseb. Onom. ed. Lagarde 237, 52. Hieron. ibid. 105, 28), two places of the same name in Palestine, situated close to each other, 17 miles from Neapolis, in the direction of Scythopolis; not identified.	bezek	embroidery, decoration	„in the direction of Scythopolis……“ The Scythian were most likely Türks.
Bigilar/Bigelis	translator at the court of Theodosius II, was an accomplice in the plot which the Byzantine court made against the life of Attila, and [470] accompanied the historian Priscus on his embassy to the court of the Hun king. Prisc. frg. 7. 8. 14 p. 76. 81. 94. 95. 98. Cf. Bigelis.	Begil	A male name in Dede Korkut’s stories	Bigil, Begil OR another proposal Begli: they who have a chieftain
Binagara/Binnagara	City in Indoskythia on the eastern bank of the Indus	bin: 1000 < (Old Turkish) bing	ara: a place in between
Bitzimaias	(Βιτζιμαίας), castell of Illyria, made by Justinian I, Procop. aedif. IV 4 p. 282 Bonn.	biçim, biçin; bıçım, bıçın: harvest < biç-, bıç-: to cut, to scythe	ay: moon, month	?> crescent moon? < biçim: slice; biçin: ape, primate
Bleschanes	Commander of the 800 Persian horsemen who defended the Castell Sisauranon against Belisarius in 541.	Biliş-khan	Biliş: friend (acquaintance, German Bekannter)	khan: a chieftain
Blukion	(Βλούκιον), castle of the Tolistoboges in Galatia, residence of King Deiotarus, Strab. XII 567	Buluk: a personal name	Buluk ~ Bulak: water spring	Buluk ~ Bölük: a military unit ———There are many toponyms with Buluk in the old Türkic stories like Ulu Kem Buluk, Kara Buluk, etc.
Boauleia	Ochsenhof (Oxen farm), fictitious locality in Scythia, Pisander in Steph. Byz. s. v.	buga-ağıl(ı)	animal shelter, fenced area	>Greek Auli
Bodinoi	(Βωδινοί), in Ptol. III 5, 10 a people in Sarmatia northeast of the Carpathians near the Borysthenes, between the Gevinoi (Γηουϊνοί) and the Amadokoi, who were accepted from learned tradition.	budun, bodun	tribes, peoples
Bodiontici	Alpine people, belonging to the province of Gallia Narbonensis, with the city of Dinia (now Digne), Plin. n. h. III 37; perhaps identical with the Brodiontii of the inscription of Tropaea Angusti in Plin. III 137. Zeuss Die Deutschen 208.	budun, bodun	tribes, peoples
Boges	was a Persianofficial and military commander, who functioned as governor (hyparchos) of Eionin Thrace(Achaemenidsatrapy of Skudra) under the King of Kings Xerxes I (r. 486–465 BC).	Bögü	scholar, physician, shaman	Bögü was already a male name in 8th C
Bogu	Βογοῦ), river in the territory of the Turkish Patzinakai or Pečenegen, Const. Porphyrog. [608] de admin. imp. 42 p. 179, 15; the present Bog or Bug, Hypanis (s. d.) of antiquity.	bugu	deer (male); camel stallion
Boion 3x, Boione	all toponyms	boynak < boyun-ak	a low place on a mountain ridge that is suitable for crossing
Bolax	(Βῶλαξ), city in the Elean region of Triphylia, Pol. IV 77, 9. 80, 13. Curtius Pel. I 92. 118. Bursian Geogr. II 285.	bulak	waterspring
Bolbai	City in Caria	bol-: to exist	bay: richt
Boline 2x	toponyms	bolın	pasture, meadow suitable for herding animals or for running horses
Bolissos	(Βολισσός, also Βολισός Androt. in Steph. Byz. and Βολίσκος, like Herodian. [ibid.] in Thuk. VIII 24, 3 read), city on the west side of Chios, where Homer is said to have spent a long time	bol: full	su: water
Bolitai	(Βωλῖται, Ptol. VI 18, 3), northernmost people of the Paropanisadai, i.e. in the area of ​​the Hindukuš passes north of Kâbul, where Alexandria sub Caucasus was also located. Most researchers think it is a distortion of Καβολῖται; Kâbul, however, was called Kabura, with an Iranian r; B. appears to be a derivative of an Indian theme bhaul-, bhōl- from the root bhû- 'to swell' (cf. Skr. buli f.); however, the current nomenclature of the Hindukuš region does not suggest this.	bol-: to exist	tai: mountain
Borani	(Βορανοί), according to Zosim. I 27. 31 Germanic tribe on the Danube, which, in association with Goths, Urugunds and Carps, made raids into the Roman Empire (especially under Gallus and Gallienus), devastated Italy and Illyria and even invaded Asia.	boran: storm, strong wind	Boran: a personal name	acc. to German wiki they were a Sarmatian tribe
Boreas	Βορέας (Attic Βορρᾶς, Ionian Βορέης) refers to the four-lined compass rose, as used in Homer Od. V 295 is present, the pure north wind, for which the double name βορέας καὶ ἀπαρκτίας occurs in Aristotle's eight-line compass rose (Meteor. II 6 p. 363 b) (northeast is then called καικίας)	bora	strong wind, storm
Borissos	(Βορισσός oder Βορισσόν?). Nach Philostorg. hist. eccl. IX 9 eine κώμη von Cappadocia secunda; nur der Dativ ist bekannt ἐν Βορισσῷ. Ramsay Asia min. 308.	bor: earth, clay	su: water
Bospara	(Βόσπαρα), castle in the Byzantine eparchy of Thrace (upper Hebros valley), built by Justinian I, Prokop. aed. IV 11 p. 305 (mentioned alongside Bessapara [see above]). For the name, cf. Bosporos.	ara	a place in between
Botachos	(Βώταχος), son of Iocritos, grandson of Lycurgus, Eponymus of the autochthonous-Tegean τόπος Βωταχίδαι (written by Pausanias VIII 45, 1 Πωταχίδαι δῆμος) (s. d.), Nikolaos Damask. frg. 44 from Steph. Byz. see Βωταχίδαι, FHG III 379, after Dindorf on H. Stephanus Thes. l. gr. s. v. probably = the Crotonian Βουτακίδης.	botak	a tree branch	the name meant as long as a a branch?
Boteiras	(Βοτείρας), King of Bithynia, beginning of the 4th century BC. His son is Bas, see Memnon frg. 20 = FHG III 536.	Botır/Batır	Hero	maybe an adjective or a nickname; Botır and Batır are still male names in Türkic world
Boter	the freedman of the Emperor Claudius, is said to be, according to Suet. Claud. 27, the true father of Claudia, the daughter of Claudius and Urgulanilla.	Botır/Batır	Hero	maybe an adjective or a nickname; Botır and Batır are still male names in Türkic world
Boudunn(ehae?)	Nickname of the Matronae on an inscription found in Cologne (in 1892). Klinkenberg Korr.-Bl. d. Westd. Ztschr. XI 1892, 100. Kisa Rhein. Jahrb. XCIII 251. The ending of the obviously Celtic name, in which a location is to be sought, is uncertain. A woman's name Boudenna or Boudinna on the Spanish inscription CIL II 625 = Eph. ep. IV p. 13; cf. the names beginning with boudi- in Holders Altcelt. Sprachschatz.	bodun	tribes	the goddess of many tribes?
Boz	(died c. 380) was the king of the Antes, an early Slavic people that lived in parts of present-day Ukraine	Boz	Grey	Boz is a very usual name in Türkic onomastics
Boziata	(Βοζιάτα, Var. Μοζιάτα, Ptol. V 9, 6), a town in the Caucasian region of Albania, near the capital Kabala; no longer verifiable; the variant Moziata could contain the Armenian-Udic word mozi kappadok. Greek muzia 'calf'.	Bozyatan	a Türkmen tribe
Braciaca	Celtic epithet of Mars on the inscription found at Deva (Brit.) CIL VII 176 Deo Marti Braciacae Q. Sittius Caecilian(us) praef(ectus) coh(ortis) I Aquitano(rum) v. s. In Holder Altcelt. Sprachschatz s. v. the interpretation 'god of malt' (see Holder s. braci) is recorded; more likely a topical epithet is present, taken from a Gallic (Aquitanian?) place; cf. Holder s. Bracciacus.	buragu-aka	Buragu: calf; aqa: 1 elder brother; elder uncle; father; grandfather 2 respectful address 3 elder
Braiola	(Βραΐολα Procop. de aedif. 285, 9. 35), castle in the Timacus area. W. Tomaschek The ancient Thracians II 2, 62.	bura: to bend, to curl	yol: road
Bregedaba	(Βρεγεδάβα), Prokop. de aed. 282, 24), castle built by Justinian not far from Bugaraca. W. Tomaschek The Ancient Thracians II 2, 63.	oba: dwelling place
Breierophara	Place (mutatio) in Thrace on the Via Egnatia, 10 miles from Maximianopolis [827] and Brendike, Itin. Hieros. 603. Now Irdschan, east of Gümürdschina. Tomaschek Thraker II 2, 62.	ara: the place in between
Brendice	Itin. Ant. 322; Brizice ebd. 331; Berozicha Itin. Hieros. 602; Brendici Tab. Peut. VIII; Brentice Geogr. Rav. IV 6 p. 183; Brindice ebd. V 12 p. 373; Prindice Guido 108), Thrace in Egypt, Egypt, 21 (20) Millien von Porsulae, 12 (15) von Milolitum. Beim jetzigen Schabdschi Chane. Zoom Names cf. Briantike.	Berendi	A confederatio of Türkic tribes	In Balkans there are many places with this name or people with this name: https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berendiler
Brentopara	(county of Vrentoparon), Thracian village, mentioned in an inscription from Hissar, Kalinka Ant. Denkm. Bulgar. 55.	ara: the place in between
Brittura	(Βρίττουρα Proc. de aed. 284, 27), Castell in the area of ​​Remesiana (Bela palanka) in Moesia superior, W. Tomaschek Die alten Thraker II 2, 63.	tura bei Göktürks: a mansion where horses and soldiers can find provisions and rest		Kutatgu Billig dura tura : castle
Brykai	(Βρύκης, Βρύκαι, Βρυκεῖς, Βρυκήιοι) is what Steph. Byz. calls a Thracian people. The note perhaps comes from Hecataeus, and then Thracian = Macedonian, see Meineke z. St. and zu Σάνη. In this case the identity with the Bryges (q.v.) is beyond doubt. But see also Brysai.	buyruk/bıruk	commander
Bubona	mentioned as divine protector of cattle (a bubus) by Augustin. de civ. dei IV 24. 34; a connection between Bubetii ludi (see above) and B. is already excluded by the word formation.	buka: bull	ana: mother
Buxus	boxwood	bük	thicket	etymology uncertain
Budenicus	Topical epithet of Mars on an altar found near Ucetia (Uzès, Gall. Narb.) CIL XII 2973 Márti Budenic[o] Grátus Severi filius. The place is presumed (Allmer Revue épigr. I p. 132) to be derived from the name of the village Bézuc (?) near Uzès.	budın	tribes, clans
Budinoi	Budinoi (Βουδῖνοι, Βουδινοί), a large people of the Scythian north, about whose dwellings Herodotus IV 21 reports the following: 'If one goes over the Tanais, the first land, pure steppe soil without any tree growth, is inhabited by the Sauromatai, 15 days' journey to the north; above this lies a second land, densely covered with all kinds of wood, where the B. live. Further up, at a distance of seven days' journey, there follows a desert, behind which the great hunting peoples of the Thyssagetai and Iyrkai (q.v.) roam to the east.	budın	tribes, clans
Budioi	according to Her. I 101 one of the six tribes of the Medes. Oppert explains the name as 'farmer', Persian bûdiyâ (?); cf. Sayce on the above passage.	bud/bod > budın	tribe
Bukaia	(Βούκαια), city in Phocis on Parnassus, named after the annual burning of an ox in memory of the Deucalion flood, Etym. M.	buka: bull
Burridava	(Tab. Peut.), suburb of the Burridavenses (Βουριδαυήνσιοι Ptol. III 8, 5) and station of the Aluta road leading from the Rothenthurm Pass to the Danube, was, like the tribe, influenced by Roman culture soon after the occupation, since the Aluta line was fortified by Emperor Hadrian.	oba: dwelling place
Burtudizon	Station in Thrace on the road from Byzantium to Hadrianupolis, 18 miles west of Bergule (s.d.), Itin. Ant. 127. 230. 323 (here Burdizizo). Table Peut. VIII Burtiho Geogr. Rav. IV 6 p. 184 Burtizon. Code of Law V 10, 23. VIII 35, 9 a. 294 Burtodixi. Act. Alex. 26 (Act. SS. May. III 199) Burtodexion. Justinian I fortified the town of Procopius, which belonged to the province of Haimimontos. aed. IV 11 p. 306 Βουρτούδγιζι. Jireček Heerstrasse von Belgrad nach Constantinopel 49 places it at the Teke Dere (i.e. near Kuleli?), Tomaschek Die alten Thraker II 2, 62 and Kiepert Formae XVII at the Böjük Dere near Eski Baba. Different from this is the κάστρον Βουρδίζου in Kanitz Donaubulgarien III 241ff. 356.	diz	a higher place	there are many diz toponyms in Thrace; diz: lit. knee
Busipara	(κώμη Βουσιπάρων), Thracian village that participated in the settlement of the Emporium of Pizos (202 AD), Kalinka Ant. Denkm. Bulgar. 34 III 70.	ara: the place in between
Buzyga, Buzygai, Buzyges, Buzygion	personal names could deal with buzāġu “calf”; „(Βουζύγιον) was the name of one of the three places of holy plowing in Athens, which was located below the castle (Plutarch. praec. coniug. 42, where O. Müller Kl. Schr. II 165 ὑπὸ πέλιν in ὑπὸ πόλιν corrected).“ could deal with Türkic Buzagu, because of sacred „plowing.“	buzagu	calf	Modern Türkish buzağı
Bybai	(Βύβαι), Thracian people, Steph. Byz.	bay	rich	bay as a part of names was/is very popular in Türkish. There are many tribes, toponyms with this small word
Byke	(Βύκης ἡ λίμνη Ptol. III 5, 9. Marcian. II 38; Buces lacus Plin. IV 84; Byces Val. Flacc. [1105] VI 68), a large beach swamp on the east side of the isthmus of Taphros (s.d., now Perekop, Turkish Or 'ditch')	bük	1. obstacle, blockage, 2. dense thicket, impassable place; 1 wood, forest 2 hill 3 meadow 4 valley between mountains	Wikipedia: „The Syvash or Sivash[3](Russian and Ukrainian: Сива́ш; Crimean Tatar: Sıvaş, Cyrillic: Сываш, "dirt"), also known as the Putrid Sea or Rotten Sea (Russian: Гнило́е Мо́ре, Gniloye More; Ukrainian: Гниле́ Мо́ре, Hnyle More; Crimean Tatar: Çürük Deñiz), is a large area of shallow lagoons on the western edge of the Sea of Azov....." As we see here it is a place where nobody can pass easily. The Türkish BÜK is a 100 % compatible with that toponym.
Bykes	A river Βύκης, Buces is mentioned in Ptol. III 5, 12. Mela II 2 and Plin. IV 84. 88; it flows on the north side into the marshy swamp Byke; probably the present-day Nogaika, according to others the Moločnaja voda.	bük	1. obstacle, blockage, 2. dense thicket, impassable place; 1 wood, forest 2 hill 3 meadow 4 valley between mountains
Byzonoi	a people of the Scythian interior, which nourished itself exclusively on cow's milk, Zenob. V 25 (The Mediterranean cows, which suckle only this food, are called "milked").	buzagu	calf	-n: Plural suffix
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